CL res S 2044 106 436 264 | oF | : a i | I i : TR”) | HARVARD. UNIVERSITY LIBRAR Y OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM 239] Tatas : Received pi od ie Y 2, 1938 DA Yorn. 12, | ry SS are a Pe ae e595 “ " aa * Eg oe tc ae CTR oF Dj eS ve ™, pares ugh Sa aes aE I a \ Le re svt ; Ae ay i } b zt TF ~~ an Source Srares be bab SED: Beadle. 25 oF ei SourmeRn: ‘ALLEGHANIES . i i : } re Age NT C.D. ‘Beadle. 47 ¢ Price, ‘Fitty Cents Sarees saa Bitomore, N. co | Wituam WESLEY & SON, London Gee bora a yet . Ae LIBRARY OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM RCP hee iS Se "3 HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Biot! yaaa cA apd sete) TON aa Mg THE GIFT OF nae te Seed td » ; verte . —_— eee e Patan Moder! ; oe Le ee Gag Paes 4 N QU AAAw . of te tA ca a a Js by % . v ey on e ( st AS a nf SP tact 5 en Pe ; ; cs ro Rats Mobs ter ~ re a A era Li Kay Mole YP Sho a NS oe . ited Siamese ™ — ——e a ee oe “ 1 ae eg CPt by We koe ome b tne ahyones 4 ot Ts ae Ts OP sh oe) ays ge Se eae p> Pe | i iDary vit , “i ee pat Ioiy Ne bi VOLUME I NUMBER I Issued April 8, 1901 Biltmore Botanical Studies A Fournal of Botany rece D ob TRREGULAR. INEERVALS {Orice, Fifty Cents Won. WESLEY & Son, 28 Essex St., Strand, London, England BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, North Carolina Pe violON OF THE SPECIES OF MARSHALLIA For a number of years certain forms of the genus Marshallia have been appearing in collections made by or coming to the Biltmore Herbarium that have so completely refused to mingle in harmony with representatives of the accepted species, that the writers have ventured to account for them and to rechar- acterize certain of the earlier published species and varieties with which they may have been confounded. ‘The species pro- posed by Rafinesque!.and Bertol? have not been identified, nor have we succeeded in finding authentic specimens with which to associate the names. | The writers gratefully acknowledge the assistance accorded them by Prof. G. Macloskie, of Princeton University ; Dr. Charles Mohr, of Asheville, N..C.; Dr. Henry Kraemer, of the Philadel- phia College of Pharmacy; Mr. William M. Canby, of Wilmington, Delaware; Dr. J. K. Small, of the New York Botanical Garden ; Prof. William Trelease, of the Missouri Botanical Garden; Dr. B. L. Robinson, of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard Uni- versity; and Dr. J. N. Rose, of the United States National Museum, for information concerning certain specimens or for the use of the valuable collections under their charge. KEY TO THE SPECIES Scales of the involucre with subulate or attenuate tips . . . MZ. graminifolia Scales of the involucre with acute or obtuse tips. Chaff of the receptacle spathulate. ........ . . . MM, obovata Chaff of the receptacle slightly if at all dilated at the summit. Corolla tubes swollen at the throat. Leaves thin, usually less than 12™ long . . . . MZ. trinervia © Leaves firm, frequently 2-2.54™ or more long. . M@. grandiflora - Corolla tubes not swollen at the throat. Pappus scales 1-2™™" long, species occurring east of the Mississippi. Leaves -1.5-3°" wide, ovate-lanceolate ..... M. mohrt Leaves narrower, linear-lanceolate ....... M. ramosa Pappus scales 2-4™™ long, species occurring west of PieeDANERB OT OPE. eis ree lel 4. kon 8s M, cespitosa 1New Flora, 4:77, 1836. 2 Mis. Bot., 15:22, 1856. Issued April 8, gor... ; (3) 4 BIELMORE EO PANIGALSS TUITE S MaRrSHALLIA GRAMINIFOLIA (Walt.) Small. Plate IX. Athanasta gramintfolia Walt , Fl. Car., 201, 1788. Persoonia angustifolia Michx., Fl. Bor.-Am., 2:106, 1803. Trattenthkia angustifolia Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 403, 1807. Marshallia angustifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2:520, 1814; Torr. & Gray, Flora N. Am. 2: 390, 1842 (exclusive of var. cyananthera); Chapman, Flora S. U.S: 241; 1860; Gray, Syn. Plora;/2djeqar XK: 303, 1886. Marshallia graminifolia Small, Bull. Torr. Club, 25: 482, 1808. A perennial herb 3.5¢™_1™ tall: stems angled and striate, simple or branched, glabrous near the base, the uppermost portions of the stems together with the peduncles clothed with short, jointed, incurved, purplish-colored hairs: radical leaves spatulate, obovate or oblong-obovate, 3-12 long, 5™™-1°™ broad, mostly 3-nerved ; lower cauline leaves linear, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, 4acm_gdm long, 2-13™".broad, 1-3-nerved, glabrous; upper cauline leaves gradually reduced in length and breadth, becoming in the uppermost mere linear-subulate bracts: involucral bracts 4—7™™ long, subulate pointed, rigid, usually winged below the middle: florets 8-14™™ long: corolla externally pubescent, the throat not conspicuously dilated : pappus scales 1-2™™ long, pointed, entire or lacerate: achenes angled and ribbed, pubescent, 2—-2.5™™ long at maturity: chaff of the receptacle linear-subulate. Low grounds, North Carolina to Florida, westward to Ala- bama and Louisiana. The following specimens have been examined: NorTH CAROLINA: Wil- mington, C. S. Williamson, September 2, 1900; Wilmington, G. McCarthy, July, 1885; Wilmington, Zhos. Wood, September, 1882. GrorGIA: Trader’s Hill, /. K. Smadl, July 24-26, 1895. . Froripa: Lake City, Al S. Aaezagas June-July, 18908; G. V. Wash, No. 2221; -, #7. Koifs, "No, 406; q00neee county, G. V. Nash, No. 2318; Jacksonville, Z. A. LighthipeNowegsee H, D. Keeler, 1870-1876; A. Hf. Curtiss, Nos. 5109, 4493 and) 1525 (mee 1525*); Apalachicola, Dr. Chapman, ex-dist. Biltmore Herbarium Nos. 2807? and 2807; Mariana, C. Mohr, June 21, 1880. AtaBamMa: Mobile, C. Mohr, August, 1879. Louisiana: Hale, No. 357. MARSHALLIA GRAMINIFOLIA CYANANTHERA (Elliott) Plate X. Marshallia angustifolia cyananthera Elliott, Bot.S C. & Ga. 2:317, 1824. Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 24 : 435, 1897. A depauperate form of the species characterized by slender, simple stems and small heads. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 5 The following examples are noted: FLoripa: Argyle, 4. H. Curtiss, No. 5932; Lake City, P. &. Rolfs, No 370; Liberty County, 4. H. Curtiss, Aug. 1894. ALABAMA: Flomaton, Biltmore Herbarium, Aug. 15, 1899. MARSHALLIA GRAMINIFOLIA LACINARIOIDES (Small) Plate XI. Marshallia lacinartotdes Small, Bull. Torr. Club, 25 : 482, 1898. Differing from typical WZ. graminifolia by the erect basal leaves (which are from 1-29 long, 1-1.5°™ broad and prominently 3- nerved), the branched and very leafy stems and small heads. Same range as the species. The following specimens are noted: NortH Carorina: Newberne, Croom. SoutH Carorina: Society Hill, W. A: Curtis. Grorcia: Macon, Croom. Louisiana: f/ale, no locality. MARSHALLIA OBOVATA (Walt.) Plate V. Athanasia obovata Walt., Fl. Car. 201, 1788. Persoonia lanceolata Michx., Flora Bor.-Am. 2: 105, 1803. Trattentkia lanceolata Pers.; Syn. Pl. 2: 403, 1807. _Marshallia lanceolata Pursh, Flora Am. Sept. 519, 1814; Chapman, Flora S. U. S. ed. 1: 241, 1860; Gray, Syn. Flora, ed. 2 : 303, 1886. In describing his Athanasia obovata Walter was very brief, but the writers have no hesitancy in using his name to represent the species here described. | A perennial herb 1.5—349™ tall, with simple striate stem pubescent near the summit, leafy near the base, naked above: radical leaves obovate, 1-4°™ long with the petiole; stem leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5°™—-14™ long including the petiole, 3™™—1°™ wide, entire, glabrous, obtuse at the apex, or occasionally acutish, narrowed at or below the middle of the blade and prolonged into a margined and sheathing petiole: involucre 5™™-1-™ high, the scales 2~-2.5™™ wide: florets ro-13™™ long, pubescent, with shal- low throat: pappus scales lacerate, 1.5-2™™ long: achenes ribbed, hairy: chaff of the receptacle spathulate. Dry woods, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. The following specimens are cited: NortH Caro.Lina: Bladen county, Bilt- more Herbarium, No. 1258. SouTH Caroiina: Aiken, Wm. M. Canby, May, 1869; Gerald McCarthy, October, 1888; Aiken, 7. W. Ravenel. ALABAMA: Lee county, Earle & Baker, April 24, 1897; Cherokee, C. Mohr, May 16, 1881. FLoripa: Chapman. 6 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES MARSHALLIA OBOVATA PLATYPHYLLA (Curtis) Plate VI. MM. lanceolata platyphylla Curtis, Chap. Fl. S. U. S., ed. 1, 241, 1860; Gray, Syn. Flora, ed. 2, 303, 1886. More common than the species, at least in herbaria, and differing mainly in the longer stems, which are leafy to near the middle, 3—5¢™ tall, larger and broader leaves, often 1—1.54™ long and 1-2 wide. Same range as the species. The following specimens have been examined: NorTH CAROLINA: Tryon, E. C. Townsend, May 24, 1897; Hyams, June, 1879; Hillsborough, M7. A. Curtis ; Yadkin River Region, /. B. Britton ; Rowan county, Smail & Heller, No. 485. SoutH Carotina: Abbeville, Z. &. Gzbbes, 1855; Seneca, G. Mc- Carthy, June, 1888. GrorGia: Chapman, no date or locality; Yellow River valley, Biltmore Herbarium, No. 12586; same locality, 7, &. Small, May, 1895; Augusta, 4. Cuthbert, No. 327; G. Vasey, 1878 (in part). FLoRIpa: Dr. Chapman. MARSHALLIA TRINERVIA (Walt.) Porter. Plate IV. Athanasia trinervia Walt., Fl. Car. 201, 1788. Persoonia latifolia Michx., Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 105, 1803. Trattentkia latifolia Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 403, 1807. Marshallia latifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2:519, 1814; Torr. & Gray, Flora N. A. 2:390, 1842; Chapman, Flora S. U. S. 241, 1860; Gray, Syn. Flora, 2d ed., I: 303, 1386. Marshallia schreberi Tratt. Arch. Gew. 1: 108, 1812-18, Si DG: © c. and Torr) & Gray, Vc.) Marshallia trinervia Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 337, ae Britton & Brown, Ill. Flora, 3: 443, 1898. Figures: Michx., Fl., Bor.-Am., t. 43; Tratt. Arch. Gew. t. 123, (ex. DC. and T. & G. 1. c.); Britten & Brown, WE Pi sage: A perennial herb 3~-72™ tall: stem simple or occasionally branched, glabrous, or pubescent near the summit, angled and striate, leafy to near the summit: leaves thin, 5-12™ long, I-3.5°™ wide, the cauline ovate or ovate-lanceolate, the lowest _lanceolate or a little broader; they are glabrous, 3-nerved, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed to a sessile or subsessile base: peduncles 5°™-24™ long: involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate, the bracts 6™™-1-m long, 1-2™™ broad, linear-lan- ceolate, acute, glabrous: florets 1-1.5°™ long, pubescent, the tube of the corolla dilated at the throat: pappus scales about 1.5™™ long, entire, lanceolate, acuminate: achenes angled and ribbed, BILTMORE BOTANICAL “STUDIES 7 about 2™™ Jong, pubescent, at least when young: chaff of the receptacle narrowly linear, acute. Moist or dry soil, Virginia and Tennessee to Alabama and Mississippi. The following specimens have been examined: Vircinia: Mr. Stebbins, no locality. TENNESSEE: Tullahoma, Coffee county, Biltmore Herbarium, No. 4215°. ALaBAMA: S. 4. Buckley, no locality; Auburn, Larle & Baker, May 28, 1898; Earle & Baker, No. 1345; Sand Mountain, Biltmore Herbarium, No. 42151; Windhem’s Springs, £. A. Smith, June 23, 1875; limestone cliffs of Little Cahawba river, C. Mohr, June 3, 1883. Mussissippr: Dr. /. 7. Stew- art, no locality ; Prof. &. Hilgard, May, 1859, no locality. - Marshallia grandiflora n. sp. Plate I. A perennial herb 3.5-74™ tall: radical leaves 5°™~24™ long including the petioles, 1~2°™ wide, varying from lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate in outline, obtuse at the apex and gradually narrowed at the base and prolonged into broad petioles as long as the blades: stem-leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1-34™ long includ- ing the petioles, 1-3°™ wide, gradually diminishing in size up the stem to leaves 1-4 long and 3-7™™ wide; they are obtuse at the apex, or the uppermost acutish, gradually narrowed into broad petioles as long as the blades, firm in texture and displaying 3-5 prominent nerves:- stem angled and striate, glabrous except the peduncle, which is minutely scabrous- pubescent : involucre 7™™_1~ high, the bracts oblong-lanceolate, acute at the apex, glabrous, and with narrow hyaline margins, 7mm_yzem Jong, 2—-3™m wide, thin in texture at flowering time, the midrib slightly thickened: florets 1.5-2°™ long: corollas slender, pubescent, the tubes about 1°™ long, the upper third conspicuously dilated: pappus scales entire, sharply pointed, about 2™™ long: mature achenes ribbed and hairy, 4-5™™ long, 1.5-2™™ broad: chaff of the receptacle linear, pointed. Marshallia grandifiora was collected in full flower July 22, 1898, near Saluda, Polk county, North Carolina (type locality), and is also represented in the Biltmore Herbarium from a station near Hendersonville, North Carolina, and Upshur county, West Virginia (W. M. Pollock, July 4, 1896). The proposed species is related to M7. trimervia ( Walt.) Porter, 1. c., from which it may be dis- tinguished by the longer and thicker leaves and larger heads and florets. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Mostly in moist soil, western North Carolina to West Virginia and Pennsy]l- vania. ; 8 BILIMORE BOTANICAL 2S LODGES The following specimens have been examined: NortTH Caroiina: Hen- dersonville, /. D. Smith, Aug, 1881; Saluda, Polk county, Biltmore Her- barium No. 4215?. West VireGiniA: Upshur county, W. M. Pollock, June 24, 1895, July 1, 1895, and July 4, 1896. PENNsyLVANIA: Ohio Pyle, H. L. Clark, 1894 Marshallia mohri n. sp. Plate III. A perennial herb 4—72™ tall: leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1.5—2.59™ long, including the petioles, 1.5-3°™ wide, the uppermost much reduced in size, obtuse at the apex or the upper acute, gradually narrowed at the base and prolonged into petioles as long as or longer than the blades, the uppermost sessile; they are promi- nently 3-nerved, glabrous and in age firm in texture, entire: stem angled, striate, glabrous to near the top, branched above the middle: heads usually several, containing from thirty to seventy- five or more flowers: involucres 5-8™™ high, the bracts thin at flowering time, ovate-lanceolate, acute at the apex, 2-3™™ wide with conspicuous hyaline borders below the middle: florets 1-1. 5°™ long: corollas slender, pubescent, the tubes about 7™™ long, slightly if at all dilated at the throat: pappus scales 2™™ long, acute, the borders broken by a few sharp points: achenes ribbed, very hairy: chaff of the receptacle linear, acute. Marshallia mohri closely resembles 17. grandifiora, above proposed, but may be recognized by the smaller heads and florets and by the absence of the dilated corolla tubes so conspicuous and noteworthy in the last-named species. The type specimen was collected by Dr. Charles Mohr, for whom the species is named, at Cullman, Cullman county, Alabama, June 24, 1893, and is pre- served in the Chapman Herbarium at Biltmore. Moist soil, northern Alabama and northwestern Georgia. The following specimens are referred here: ALABama: Cullman, C. Mohr, June 1, 1882, June 23, 1893, and August 15, 1886; Cullman, 7. Zegert, June, 1897. GrorGiA: Lookout Mountain, 4. Auth, Nos. 638 and 662. Marshallia ramosa n. sp. Plate II. A much-branched herb 2-49 tall: stems leafy, solitary or clustered from a perennial root: radical leaves linear-lanceolate, 5¢m_1.54m long including the petiole, 5-8™™ wide, obtuse at the apex, narrowed towards the base and prolonged into a petiole as long as or longer than the blade; lower stem-leaves 8°™_—1.54™ long, 5mm_rem wide, linear-lanceolate, the apex obtuse and gradually narrowed towards the base, 3-nerved, firm in texture, glabrous and BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 9 quite entire: upper leaves much reduced in size, linear-]anceolate to linear-oblong: stem striate, glabrous, alternately branched above the middle: peduncles slender, striate, finely and sparingly scabrous-pubescent, especially near the summit: heads 8—20 or even more, containing 20-60 or more flowers: involucres 4-6™™ high, the bracts oblong, rounded at the apex and minutely mucro- nate, smooth, 1-2™™ wide, thin in texture at flowering time, the midrib. slightly thickened: florets g-12™" long: corollas slender, pubescent, the tubes about 5™™ long, very slightly dilated at the throat: pappus scales 1.5—2™™ long, the upper half lacerate: achenes ribbed, hairy: chaff of the receptacle linear, pointed. Marshalliia ramosa grows in moist, sandy pine-lands at Eastman, Georgia (type locality), where it was collected in full flower June 5, 1900, by Mr C. L. Boynton, of the Biltmore Herbarium. At this station the species is very abundant, giving color to large patches of ground. It is related to W/. cesfitosa Nutt., 1. c., especially the variety described below, differing mainly from the latter in the extremely floriferous habit, shorter and more obtuse involucral bracts and by the shorter pappus scales. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. MARSHALLIA CASPITOSA Nutt. Plate VII. DC. Prod. §:680, 1836.— ‘‘1. M. ca#spirosa (Nutt. ! 1n litt. 1825), glabra czspitosa, caule simplici aphyllo 1-cephalo, foliis elongato- et lato-linearibus subobtusis integerrimis, invol. squamis oblongo-linearibus obtusis, paleis recept. linearibus. 4 in Amer. bor. ad Red-River legit cl. auctore. Habitus feré Armerie. Caulis 8-10-pollic. teres striatus. Cor. exsicco alba, forté sub- rosee. Achznium villosum. (v. s.).” Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3704; Torr. & Gray, Flora 2: 391, 1842. Moist woods and prairies, Arkansas and Indian Territory to western Louisiana and Texas. The following specimens are referred here: Trxas: Houston, Zlzhu Hadi, No. 365; 7. Lindhetmer, Nos 32, 110 and 47; Drummond, Nos. 111 and 174; Austin, Berlandier, No. 1566. ARKANSAS: Fort Gibson, Dr. Lnuglemann. INDIAN TERRITORY: McAllister, 7. H. Oyster, May 16, 1883; Limestone Gap, G. D.. Butler, No 11150. Louisiana: Hale, Leavenworth. MARSHALLIA CASPITOSA Signata n. var. Plate VIII. A perennial herb 2-4¢™ tall: stems tufted, striate, usually branched, leafy to near the summit; the peduncles clothed with 10 BILTMORE BOLTANICAL *STOMTES. fine, white, jointed hairs, especially dense at the base of the involucre: radical and basal leaves linear, 4¢™-14™ long, 2—-4mm wide, the upper cauline similar in outline, but gradually reduced in size; they are blunt at the apex, sessile, or at the base grad- ually narrowed into margined and sheathing petioles about half the length of the blades: involucres 6™™-1° high, the scales about 2™™ wide, acutish and with hyaline margins to near the apex : florets (30—-75 or more in a head) 10-12™™ long, pubescent on the outer surface, with no conspicuous throat: pappus scales lacerate, 2-3™™ long: achenes ribbed and hairy: chaff of the receptacle linear, acute or acutish. Marshallia cespitosa signata differs from the species in the weaker and very leafy stems, and usually much-branched habit. The extreme forms of variety and species are very distinct. Based on A. A. Heller’s No. 1618 from Kerrville, Kerr county, Texas, April 19-25, 1894. The following specimens, all from Texas, are referred here: Turtle Creek, W. L. Bray, No. 269; Fredericksburg, W. ZL. Bray, No. 269%; Burnet county, Ff. G. Schaupp, August, 1892; £. Hall, No. 336; I, Lindheimer, Nos. 53 and 647; S. B. Buekley, no date.—C. D. BEapLE and F. E. Boynton. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, N. C. es : NOTES ON CERTAIN CONEFLOWERS The following paper, based upon material of certain Cone- flowers preserved in several herbaria, is offered with a view of relieving some of the confusion which has surrounded a num- ber of these interesting plants. Through the kindness of Professor William Trelease of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Dr. B. L. Robinson of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard Uni- versity, Mr. Stewardson Brown of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Dr. Charles Mohr of Asheville, and Dr. J. T. Rothrock of the University of Pennsylvania, the writers have been’ permitted to use the valuable specimens in their keeping and these, supplemented by the material at the Biltmore Herbarium, together with careful field notes, have made the study possible. BRAUNERIA ATRORUBENS (Nutt.) Rudbeckia atrorubens Nutt., Jour. Acad. Phila. 7: 80, 1834. Echinacea atrorubens Nutt., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N.S. 7: 354, 1841. Sixty-seven years ago Nuttall described in the Journal of the Academy of Philadelphia, a form of Brauneria to which he applied the name of Rudbeckia atrorubens and afterwards transferred it to the genus Echinacea. Although his type specimen is preserved in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences and most clearly represents a form of Lrauneria, yet the name has been misapplied by American botanists to designate a Rudbeckia of the South Atlantic and Gulf region. Nuttall’s description of his species is brief, but good, and the vivid contrast between JB. atro- rubens and B. purpurea,? which was quoted by Torrey and Gray4 would easily establish its validity when contrasted with species of its genus. Unfortunately a true Rudbeckia was admitted by Torrey and Gray, 1.c., as a variety of Nuttall’s Echinacea atrorubens, the supposed variety afterwards being interpreted by Dr. Chapman as the plant originally described by Nuttall. This error was given 3 Mem. Torr. Club 5: 334, 1894. 4Fl. N. Am. 2: 306, 1842. 5 Flora S. U. S. 226, 1860. (11) 12 BILTMORE. BOTANICAL SNUGDIIES further complexity by Dr. Gray, who, abandoning the first name applied to the Rudbeckia, adopted the earlier name of Nuttall. Thus the Brauneria was lost sight of and the Audbeckia made to assume a false name. Supplementing Nuttall’s description of the purple cone-flower, the writers notice, besides all of the characters pointed out by him, a fusiform blackened root similar to those of LB. pallida’? and distinct from the horizontal or horizontally-inclined rootstock of B. purpurea, 1.c. The label accompanying the type specimen would indicate that the original was collected in Arkan- sas; indeed, Nuttall so describes it, and a supplementary note accredits the same form from North Carolina. RUDBECKIA GRAMINIFOLIA (T. & G.) Echinacea ? atrorubens B. ? graminifolia T. & G., Flora N. A. Echinacea atrorubens Chapm. Flora 5. U. S. Ed. 1&2. (Not Nutt.) 2: 306, 1842. Rudbeckia atrorubens Gray. Syn. Flora, 1: 259, 1886. Chapm. Flora S. U.S. Ed. 3. (Not. Nutt.) The notes printed above under 4rauneria atrorubens expose the necessity for changing the name of this southern Rudbechia, and having a number of specimens at hand collected in Florida by Dr. Chapman, we venture to add to the descriptions of Torrey & Gray, l. c., Dr. Gray, 1. c., and Dr. Chapman... ¢...as follomer Perennial, 6-8.59™ tall: stem simple, rigid, slender, striate, glabrate or strigose-pubescent, prolonged into a long, naked peduncle: radical leaves narrowly linear, elongated, 1-34™ long, amm_rtcm broad, rigid, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves at the extreme borders of the blades, acute at the apices, narrowed below and passing insensibly into apparent petioles, glabrous and glossy or strigose-pubescent: cauline leaves few, similar to the radical, gradually diminished in size towards the summit, where they are but 2-4°™ long, the uppermost not conspicuously narrowed at the base: involucres imbricated in 2-3 rows, the bracts 6-g™m long, acuminate from a broad base, smooth or nearly so above, hairy below: rays 8-10, oblong, 8-12™™ long, deep crimson, pubescent on the lower surface: disks at first hemispherical, eventually oblong-ovoid, dark purple: chaff of the receptacle 6 Syn. Flora ©: 259, 1886. 7 Mem. Torr. Club 5: 333, 1894. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 13 relatively thick and firm, 4.5-6™™ long, 1.5-2™™ wide, smooth or a little hairy on the back, the apex mucronate: florets a little longer than the chaffy scales, the lobes of the corolla erect : achenes 2—3™" high, the pappus a minute coroniform border toothed at the angles. The range of 2. graminifolia probably does not extend beyond Florida and southern Georgia, where it inhabits the margins of pine barren ponds. Rudbeckia speciosa Wender. Ind. Sem. Hort. Marb. 1828 and Flora, X: Suppl. 30,. 1829. “¢e ‘ Although the original: citations of &. speciosa have not been viewed by the writers, authentic specimens from Marburg and Berlin are at hand, and in view of the confusion surrounding this most distinct species in American herbaria and literature, it would seem to be proper to recharacterize it in this paper. It is well described by Torrey and Gray,8 who liberally extend the characters to include forms ‘‘with the upper leaves shorter and ovate-lanceolate or oblong,” and by Dr. Gray,® barring the de- scription of leaves, achenes and chaffy bracts of the receptacle. The species is fairly figured by Britton & Brown,!° but the de- scription, like the instances noted, embraces related forms. Both Dr. Gray and Britton & Brown, |. c., doubtfully refer Persoon’s R. aspera to the species under discussion, a disposition not suggested, and it would seem correctly so, by DeCandolle.! A perennial herb 5¢™-1™ tall: stem angled, striate, hirsute or hispid, branched: radical leaves elliptical, 1-34™ long in- cluding the petiole, 2.5-5°™ broad, 3-5-nerved, acute at the apex, narrowed at the base and prolonged into a slender petiole, 7om_y,54m long, sparingly rough-hairy: cauline leaves elongated- lanceolate, often falcate, the lower 1-24 long, including the petiole, 1-4°™ broad, the uppermost sessile and entire or nearly so, much reduced in size; they are coarsely and irregularly ser- rate or laciniately-dentate, 1-3-nerved, roughish-hirsute, the apex acuminate, narrowed at the base, subsessile or petioled, 8 Flora N. Am. 2: 308, 1842. 9 Syn. Flora, 2d ed. KX: 261, 1886. 10 [il. Flora g: 417, 1898. 11 Syn. 2: 477, 1807. 12 Prodr. 5: 556, 1836. 14 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES the latter organs frequently 5-6°™ long, winged: peduncles 5cm_gdm Jong, hirsute: involucres imbricated, the bracts 6™™—2em long, 2-3™™ broad, hairy, especially on the margins: rays 12-20 or more, 2.5-3.5°" long, 4-7™™ wide, 2-3-toothed at the apex, the lower surface pubescent: disks 13™™_2¢m broad, 8m™m_jz,5cem high, dark or reddish purple: chaff of the receptacle 5—6™™ long, 1-1.5™" broad, pointed, smooth, or with a few seattered hairs on the back, the borders near the summit erose: florets 5-5-0.5™™ long, the corolla lobes erect: achenes 2.5-3™™ high, the pappus consisting of a minute coroniform border accentuated at the angles. | Rudbeckia speciosa occurs from Pennsylvania (Wilkesbarre, Dr. Sartwell) to Georgia, (Dr. Chapman, no station given) and westward to Missouri (Iron County, Colton Russell). Rudbeckia chapmani n. sp. A perennial herb 49™~1™ tall: radical leaves 2-59™ long in- cluding the petiole, the blade broadly ovate-lanceolate, 7°™_2dm long, 3°™-14™ broad, harshly but inconspicuously pubescent on both surfaces, 5-7-nerved, truncate or cordate at the base, the borders dentate or coarsely crenate-dentate: the petioles striate, sparingly pubescent or nearly glabrous: cauline leaves ovate- lanceolate, the upper much reduced in size, either rounded or nar- rowed at the base, all but the uppermost with petioles but little shorter than the blades, the borders remotely dentate or nearly entire, sparingly pubescent on both surfaces: stems conspicuously angled, especially near the base, striate, sparingly pubescent or glabrous, branched near the summit.: involucres foliaceous, im- bricated, the divisions short, 6-12™™ long, 2-4™™ broad, glabrate or with lines of short hairs along the margins and principal nerves: rays 12-16, 1.5-2.5™ long, 3-6™™ broad, 2-3-toothed at the apex, pubescent on the lower surface: disk hemispherical to conical, 8mm_z.5em high, 1-1.5°™ broad: chafi of the receptacle 4—5™m long, about 1™™ wide, abruptly pointed at the apex and ciliate with a few short hairs: florets a little longer than the chaff, dark purple, the lobes of the corollas erect: pappus a shallow coroniform border. kudbeckia chapmani was originally collected in the mountains of Georgia by BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 15 Dr. A. W. Chapman and was described and distributed by him as 2. heliopsidis, a species which differs widely from the one under discussion, especially in the smaller heads, the reflexed corolla lobes and short, blunt and pubescent-tipped chaff of the receptacle. The proposed species is possibly best contrasted with R. spectosa Wender, ® from which it differs in the cordate or truncate radical leaves, the slender petiolate, shorter, broader and more entire cauline leaves and the smaller, more abruptly pointed scales without erose borders. The type material is preserved in the Chapman Herbarium at Biltmore. Mountains of Georgia (Dr. A. W. Chapman, no locality; Dr. T. P. Cleave- land, Dalton, Ga.) and Alabama (Dr. G. Vasey, 1878). Rudbeckia sullivanti n. sp. A perennial herb’ 54™-1™ or more tall: stem striate, hispid, branched near the top: radical leaves 1.5-44™ long including the _ petioles, 5°™-14™ broad, the blades one-half to one-third the length of the slender petioles ; they are oval or broadly ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, either narrowed, rounded, truncate - or subcordate at the base, prominently 5-nerved, the borders coarsely and irregularly serrate or serrate-dentate, more or less rough-hairy, especially on the upper surface: lower cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base and prolonged into winged -petioles 4-7™ long, the blades 1o-14°™ long, 4-8: wide, prominently 3-nerved, more or less rough-hairy, particularly on the upper surface, the margins coarsely and irregularly serrate or serrate-dentate, the narrow point entire or nearly so: upper cauline leaves reduced in size, narrower and shorter petioled, the uppermost subsessile and entire: peduncles 1~3¢™ long, striate, rough-pubescent or hispid: involucres imbricated, the bracts 8-12™™ long, 2-3™™ wide, the margins hairy: rays 10-15 or more, 2-4 long, 3-6™™ wide, 2~-3-toothed at the apex, pubescent on. the lower surface: disks hemispherical or ovoid, 12-18™ wide, 10-15™™ high, dark or reddish purple: chaff of the receptacle 5.5-6.5™™ long, 1.5-2™™ broad, acute at the erose apex which, on the outermost scales, is sparsely ciliate: florets 6.5—-7.5™™ high, the corolla lobes erect: achenes 3—-4™™ long, with minute coroniform pappus toothed at the angles: style tips blunt. Rudbeckia sullivanti represents a part of the material described by Torrey & Gray in the Flora of North America, l.c., and by Dr. Gray in the Synoptical Flora, 1. c., under 2. speciosa, a species to which it is closely related, but from 13 Ind. Sem. Hort. Marb., 1828. 16 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STODIES which it may be easily separated by the broader leaves of different outline and the larger florets and achenes. From &#. chapmanz, elsewhere proposed, this species differs in the larger, broader and more sharply pointed erose-bordered chaff, larger florets and thinner, more sharply cut leaves. The original specimens were collected in 1840, at Columbus, Ohio, by Mr. W. S. Sullivant, and are preserved in the Gray Herbarium of Harvard Uni- ‘ versity. Specimens from the same region have been distributed by Mr. W. C. Werner, September 10, 1892, No. 128. Rudbeckia umbrosa n. sp. A perennial herb, 44™-1™ tall: stem striate, somewhat pubes- cent, either simple or branched : radical leaves ovate, prominently 5-7-nerved, coarsely serrate, rounded, truncate or even cordate at the base, 1-24 long including the slender, pubescent petioles, 35°" wide, pubescent on “both surfaces: lower cauline leaves similar to the radical, but with shorter petioles and more acute apices: upper stem leaves much diminished in size, short-petiolate or subsessile, narrower and more entire than the lower: in- volucres foliaceous, imbricated, the bracts oblong or linear-oblong, 10o-15™ long, 2-3™™ wide, thin in texture, pointed, 1-nerved, pubescent: rays usually 8-12, 1.5-2™ long, 5-g™™ wide, yellow or orange-yellow, 2—-3-toothed at the apex, pubescent on the lower surface: disks 1-1.5° wide, 8-12™" high, dark purple: ‘chameer the receptacle relatively broad, about 5™™ long, 2—3™™ wide at the broadest part, hairy at the apex: disk flowers purple, the corolla lobes erect: style branches obtuse: achenes displaying ‘prominent coroniform pappus. Rudbeckia umbrosa inhabits the woodlands, usually in moist soil, of White, Warren and Coffee counties, east Tennessee, and is likely to be found overa greater area of the Cumberland plateau. The type material, preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, was collected near Sparta, White county, August 5, Igoo. The proposed species is related to &. speciosa Wender, | c., differing from the latter species in the broad and hairy-tipped chaff, size of flower-heads, shorter and fewer rays, and in the outline of the leaves. Rudbeckia palustris Eggert in Herb. Perennial, 5—79™ tall: stems angled below, striate pubescent near the summit, usually branched: lower cauline leaves 1— 1.54 long including the petiole, 2-4°™ broad, ovate-lanceolate, remotely serrate or dentate or nearly entire, 3—5-nerved, reticu- BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 17 lately veined, a little pubescent on both surfaces, the petioles winged, 3-7°™ long, or more, with clasping base: upper stem- leaves gradually diminishing in size, sessile or nearly so, more entire: peduncles 3°™—r.5¢™ long, pubescent: involucral bracts imbricated, 5-12™™ long, 2-4™™ wide, hairy on the margins: rays about 8-12, 12~-22™™ long, averaging 5™™ in width, pubescent on the lower surface, 2—3-toothed at the apex: disks conical or hemispherical, 8—12™™ high, 1-1.5°™ wide, dark colored: chaff of the receptacle 4-5™™ long, about 1™™ wide, pointed, a little hairy at the apex: florets 5—-6.5™" long, the corolla lobes erect: pap- pus a minute coroniform border accentuated at the angles: style tips blunt. Rudbeckia palustris inhabits moist or swampy places in Iron county, Missouri, collected September 27, 1893, and distributed under this name by Mr. Henry Eggert, of East St. Louis, Ill. The species passes in herbaria as 2. speciosa, but may be recognized by the hairy-tipped chaff of the receptacle, usually smoother leaves and stems, the former more entire and of different outline. Besides the original specimens the following are noted: Missourr: Shannon County, &. /. Bush, September 12, 1888; Swan, Tracy County, B. /. Bush, No. 567. Rudbeckia missouriensis Engelmann in Herb. A perennial herb 4-69™ tall: stems striate, pubescent, fastig- iately much-branched or occasionally simple, leafy to the inflor- escence: radical leaves entire, 3-nerved, linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 5°™-24m long including the slender petioles, 7-12™m wide, very pubescent on both surfaces, the petiole about as long as the blade: cauline leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, entire, nearly or quite sessile by a tapering base, pubescent, gradually reduced in size upwards or at least on the branches: peduncles short, 2°™-14™ long, pubescent: involucres foliaceous, imbricated, the bracts 8-10o™™ long, 2-3™™ wide, pubescent, 1- nerved: rays usually 12-14, 1.5-2.5° long, 4-6™™ broad, 2-3- toothed at the apex, hairy on the lower surface: disks 1-1.5°™ broad, 8-12™™ high, dark purple: chaff of the receptacle entire, pointed, 5-7™™ long, 1-2™™ wide: florets purple, 7-9™™ long, the corolla lobes erect: style branches obtuse: achenes with very short coroniform pappus. This species of Rudbeckia has a most interesting history. Both Mr, George 18 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES W. Letterman and Mr. Henry Eggert were instrumental in bringing specimens to the attention of Dr. George Engelmann, who, proposing to publish it as a new species, distributed specimens to his correspondents under the name A’ud- beckia missouriensis. Dr. Gray, considering the form identical with 2. SJul- gida Ait., evidently discouraged Dr. Engelmann from publishing the manu- script. Further notes, together with a colored plate, appeared in Meehan’s ‘Monthly, December, 1896. : The writers gratefully acknowledge material assistance from Dr. James Britten, of the British Museum, in the form of a tracing of the type specimen of Aiton’s Rudbeckia fulgida. Rudbeckia missourtensts differs from Rk. fulgida Azt.'* in the narrower entire leaves, which are never subcordate, shorter peduncles, fastigiate branches (divergently branched in FR. fwlgida) and the greater degree of pubescence. The description is drawn from material collected by Mr. George W. Letter- ‘man, at Allenton, Missouri, and distributed as 2. mzssourdensis by Dr. Engel- mann. The following specimens are noted: Mrssourr: St. Louis county, Allenton, G. W, Letterman, September, 1879; Jefferson county, Henry Eggert, August 19, 1886; McDonald county, 2. -#. Bush, September 1, 1893, No. 206; Barry county, B. /. Bush, September 19, 1896, No. 113; Pulaski county, Wm. 7re- lease, August 13, 1897. ARKANSAS: Eureka Springs, Dr. Gladfelter. ; C. L. Boynron and C. D. BEADLE. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, N. C. 14 Hort. Kew. 3: 251, 1789. NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES OF TRILLIUM For a number of years the writer has been interested in the genus Zrz/dium. In the spring of 1886, a large yellow Zrcllium was observed in the mountains of North Carolina. In the spring of 1893, the same species was again observed in a different locality and reported to several of the leading botanists of our country. From the information received it was evident that several species in this genus were imperfectly understood. Dr. A. W. Chapman.-became sufficiently interested in this yellow 77z/- lium to modify his description of 7. sessile L., so as to admit a yel- low form. Since then I have continued my observations in the field, and during the past few years have had an opportunity to study herbarium specimens from a wide range. The botanists of our country during the latter part of the last century seem, to have had the idea that this genus contains a very limited number of species, and there was a tendency to discard the proposed species of the earlier botanists. This genus includes several species which show a remarkable degree of variation, with a tendency to produce aberrant forms. That some of these extreme forms should have been mistaken for true species 1s very evident; but that all of the proposed species were invalid seems incredible. That all of Rafinesque’s thirty-four proposed species besides numerous varieties were invalid seems hard to believe, and possibly. a few of them were valid species; but it would be a hopeless task to attempt to revise his work, since many of his types are lost or destroyed. It is, therefore, proper to state that the numerous species proposed by Rafinesque have been ignored. It seems to be an accepted idea among botanists that the color of the petals affords a character of but little taxonomic value, and my own observations lead me to the same conclusion ; but even though we conclude that color, size and shape of petals and sepals and the length and position of the peduncle afford no characters of sufficient value to constitute a species, there are sev- eral forms with peduncled flowers which remain unclassified. In the present paper one species of peduncled 7Zrz//ium is (19) 20 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES proposed as new, two new sessile-flowered species are proposed, an ignored variety raised to specific rank, and a much neglected species mentioned and its range extended. It is the intention of the writer to publish his observations in the peduncled Zyélliium group in a future paper. I am greatly indebted to Dr. B. L. Robinson of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Dr. Charles Mohr of Ashe- ville, N.'C., and Mr. Henry Eggert of East St. Louis, THijfor the use of material. To Mr. Stewardson Brown, of the Phila- delphia Academy of Natural Sciences, I am indebted for informa- tion concerning certain forms in the Muhlenberg Herbarium and for a copy of the original description, in manuscript, of one of Muhlenberg’s varieties of Z7r7l/ium. TRILLIUM DISCOLOR Wray, in litt. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3097, 1831. This species of sessile-flowered Z7c/dium seems to be poorly represented in herbaria. On no other grounds can we account for the unfair treatment it has received. With good material at hand, I believe no botanist would decide against the specific standing of this very distinct species. It differs from 7. sessile L.15 in the outline and mottling of the leaves, length of fila- ments, shape of anthers, and color and form of petals. Extreme forms of another species of sessile-flowered 7Z7rzllium are pre- served in certain herbaria as Z. discolor. Dr. Chapman in his Flora!6 describes an entirely different plant and apparently never saw the true Z. discolor. In view of the confusion surrounding this species, it would seem proper to republish the original de- scription for the benefit of those who have not access to the magazine in which it appeared. ‘‘ Stem nearly a span high, erect, flexuose, of the thickness of a goose-quill, glossy, dark purple, green above, ‘where, at the very extremity, it bears a whorl of three large, broadly oval, quite sessile, acute, spread- ing /eaves, perfectly glabrous, dark green and obscurely blotched above, paler beneath, with five wavy ribs, which are connected by oblique nerves. ower solitary, large, sessile in the center of the three leaves, and at the summit of the stem. Calyx of three large, green, spreading sepals, oval-oblong, acute. Pe¢als 15 Sp. Pl. 304, 1753. 16 Chapm. Flora S. U.S. ed. 3 : 504, 1896. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 21 three, erect, half as long again as the calyx, obovate, very ob- _tuse, with a short blunt mucro, of a pale sulphur-yellow inclining to green, tapering below into a broad and pale green claw. Stamens six, about one-third the length of the petals, erect: Filaments very short, purple. Anthers linear, dull purple, acute, and a little incurved at the extremity, the cells lateral, longitudinal, yellow. Pisti/: Germen ovate, three-lobed, with two prominent angles at the margin of each lobe, purplish-green. Styles linear- obtuse, purple without, yellow within.”’ Trillium discolor was first observed by the writer in the spring of 1887, in the mountainous region of South Carolina. The following spring it was found growing in a shaded situation along a rocky stream in the adjacent re- gion of North Carolina. On a subsequent occasion it was collected at several stations in the northern part of South Carolina and is represented by a speci- men in the Biltmore Herbarium collected in April, 1897. This species seems to be confined to a limited range and is apparently quite rare. The specimens observed by the writer agree essentially with the original figure and descrip- tion. The short, blunt mucro is, however, not a constant character. In many plants the petals are acute or abruptly acuminate, and abruptly acuminate leaves are common. Blooms in March and April. TRILLIUM LUTEUM (Muhl. ) Trillium sessile L., Muhlenberg’s Cat. 38, 1813. Var. luteum. Calyx: 3ph. Corolla: 3 pet. lut. Habitat: Tennessee. Dr. Muhlenberg in a manuscript volume preserved in the library of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, under the title “‘Observationes Botanice de Plantis Americane Sep- tentrionalis,” describes the form under consideration as a variety of 7. sessile L., as follows: ‘‘Caule: foliis : ternis maculatis ovatis, acutis sessilibus trinervis. flore: terminali sessili. Calix: 5-phyll. lanceolat, subovatus patulus. Corolla: 3-petala lutea, petalis lanceolatis striatis, calice diplo longiori- bus erectis. Stamens: 6 antheris luteis pistillo longioribus, filamentis brevibus. Pistils: stilis 3 antheris paulo brevioribus.”’ This yellow sessile-flowered Zri/iium exhibits another instance in which a remarkably constant and distinct form has been dis- carded, simply because it has not come under our observation. It is, perhaps, the yellow 77z/iwm referred to by Pursh,!7 where he 17 Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 244, 1814. 22 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES writes under 772/lium sessile L.: ‘‘I have seen a specimen -with yellow flowers, brought ae the Cherokee Nation, which proee may be a distinct species.’ First collected by the writer in the ‘‘ Cherokee country ” _North Carolina, in the spring of 1886, this yellow-flowered a was found on several subsequent occasions in other stations in the mountains of the same state and adjacent Tennessee. This is not a rare plant, and it seems strange that it should have been lost sight of for so many years. In proposing this apparently little known Z7c/éium as being worthy of specific standing, it seems proper to recharacterize it in this paper. Stem erect, from a horizontal rootstock, solitary or clustered, I.5-3.59™ tall, stout, smooth: leaves sessile, broadly ovate to ovate-orbicular, 8-16 long, acute or abruptly acuminate, mot- tled: flowers sessile; sepals lanceolate, 3-5°™ long, obtuse or acute, green or tinged with purple, somewhat spreading ; petals lanceolate or broad-lanceolate, about half as long again as the sepals, acute or acutish, erect, bright yellow: stamens one-fourth to one-third as long as the petals at maturity: filaments very short, yellow: anthers 1.4-1.8 long, straight, yellow: stigmas somewhat recurved, shorter than the anthers, yellow: berry ovoid, greenish, 1-2 in diameter. In woods and along streams in North Carolina and Tennessee. April and May. NortH Caro.ina: Marshall, £. £. Magee, May, 1896; Hot Springs, Bilt- more Herbarium, April, 1897. TENNESSEE: Knoxville, 4. Ruth, April, 1897; Knoxville, /hos. H. Kearney, /r., April, 1897. Trillium luteum has, in some instances, been confounded with 7. dzscolor Wray, 1. c., from which it is well distinguished by its larger size, differently shaped petals, stouter and more recurved stigmas, and yellow stamens. From T. sessile L., 1. c., it may readily be separated by its larger size, the mottling of the leaves, shorter filaments, color of the petals and character of the stig- mas. From 7. uxderwoodi Small", it may readily be separated by the color of the petals, ovary, filaments and anthers, but in all other respects these forms of the sessile-flowered Tyrzl/ium are remarkably similar. That 7. luteum finds its nearest relative in 7. underwood is very evident, and inter- grading forms ranging from dark purple to greenish would indicate a very close affinity. By segregating 7. underwood: from 7. sessile and by pointing out the true characters of the latter, Dr. Small has rendered great service to the student of this group, and it is to be regretted that 7. duteum was overlooked in his valuable paper. 18 Torr, Bot. Club. 24: 172, 1897. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 23 Trillium stamineum n. sp. Stem erect from a horizontal rootstock, solitary or clustered, 1-37 tall, pubescent near the top: leaves sessile, ovate-lanceo- late to broadly ovate, 5-8 long, acute or acuminate, mottled and usually somewhat pubescent on the veins beneath: flowers sessile, fetid: sepals broadly lanceolate to elliptic, 2-3°™ long, acute or acutish, deeply tinged with purple, spreading or finally reflexed: petals lanceolate, about as long and one-half to two- thirds as wide as the sepals, dark purple, widely-spreading, somewhat twisted: stamens one-half to two-thirds as long as the petals: anthers stout, 1.5-1.8°" long, straight, dark purple: filaments short, dark purple: stigmas slender, spreading and recurved: berry ovoid, pale purple, about 1°™ in diameter. In rocky woods, central Alabama. Blooms in Cullman county, Alabama (type locality), about the middle of April. Trillium stamineum finds its nearest relative in 7. sesszle L., 1. c., but may be easily recognized by its pubescent stem, widely-spreading, twisted pet- als, unpleasant odor, larger stamens, and very short filaments. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Trillium ludovicianum n. sp. Stem erect from a horizontal rootstock, solitary or clustered, 8cem_gdm taj], smooth: leaves sessile, ovate to broadly ovate, 5—8:™ long, acute or obtuse, mottled: flower sessile: sepals lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 2-3.5°™ long, acute or obtuse, tinged with purple at the base, spreading or finally reflexed: petals linear to linear-lanccolate, 3-6°™ long, scarcely as broad as the sepals, acute or acutish, purple or greenish above and purple at the base, spreading: stamens one-fourth to one-third as long as the petals: anthers erect, straight or slightly recurved, 1.2-1.8 long: fila- ments about 4™™ in length: stigmas slender, spreading and reflexed : berry ovoid, pale purple, about 1°™ in diameter. In low, rich woods, Louisiana. March and April. The species with which 7rzléum ludovicianum is likely to be confounded are 7. viride Beck,!® and 7. lanceolatum Boykin.” From the former it may be easily separated by its smooth stem, and from the latter by its shorter stem, broader leaves, broader sepals, shorter filaments and straight anthers, In making a comparative study of the different parts of a Trillium flower, 19 Am. Journ. Sci. 2:178, 1826. 20 Ex. S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 274, 1879. 24 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES measurements should be made when the flower is fully developed, as the ap- pended table will prove. Ten different plants of Trillium ludovicianum were measured daily by the writer, for ten days after the first opening of the flow- ers. From the data given it will be seen that at one stage of development the stamens were half as long as the petals, but less than one-third on the sixth day after anthesis and but slightly more than one-fourth as long on the ninth ‘day, when the petals had reached their highest development. Ist 2d 3d 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th oth 10th day day day day day day day day day day cm cm cm cm cm em cm cm cm cm Length of petals ...... 2.9 3 352 Zils 4.1 4.6 5 5.2 5.5 5.5 Width of petals ...... 5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 Length of sepals...... 2.9 2.9 2.9 3 2a Be 3.4 Bas 3.6 3.6 Width of sepals....... 54 6 6 6+ .7 4] Ay 7 7 a7 Length of anthers..... 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Length of filaments... .4 4 mal 4 A 4 4 4 4 4 Length of stigma...... & 5 ar 6 -6+ SH HI .7 AG a] Length of leaf......... 5.8 6.1 Width of eats. .ceeeee 3.5 3.6 Height of plant ....... 6.7 9.3 Trillium vaseyi n. sp. Stem erect from a horizontal rootstock, 2.5-54™ tall, smooth: leaves sessile or subsessile, broadly round-rhomboidal, abruptly acuminate, contracted into a broadly-winged, sessile or subses- sile base, 1-24" long: flowers on a deflexed or recurved pe- duncle, 1-2 times the length of the flower: sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, 2-4°™ long: petals ovate or broadly ovate, of about the same length and twice as broad as the se- pals, acute or obtuse, dark purple: stamens about twice as long as the ovary at anthesis, spreading: filaments about as long as the anthers, purple: stigmas short and slender, less than half as long as the anthers, spreading or recurved: berry ovoid, somewhat angled, pale purple or reddish, 1~-2°™ in diameter. Moist, shady woods of the high mountains of the southern Alleghanies. Ascends to 1,500 meters in Macon county, N. C. April and May. Trillium vaseyt has been, I presume, confounded with extreme forms of T. erectum L.,1 c. It may be readily separated from it, however, by its long slender filaments, smaller stigmas and peduncle, which is deflexed beneath the leaves before anthesis. This Trillium was collected in the mountains of North Carolina in 1878 by Dr. George Vasey, whose name I take pleasure in asso- ciating with this species.—T. G. Harsison. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, N. C. NEV oe tees OF. THORNS FROM THE SOUTHEASPERN STATES Crategus buckleyi n. sp. A tree frequently attaining a height of 8™ and a diameter of trunk of 1~1.754™, or more often a large much-branched shrub with one or more stems: trunk branched a little above the sur- face of the ground or occasionally presenting a clear stem of 3-4™ clothed with dark gray bark which is often tinged with brown, or much blackened, the surface broken into numerous small plate-like scales and marked by shallow fissures: branches horizontal or ascending, armed, as in the trunk, with strong, much-branched spines: branchlets dark ashy-gray or reddish- brown, slender, bearing short, stout spines 2~-4°™ long, which are dark chestnut-brown in color and usually a little curved: buds globular, bright reddish-brown: leaves which are _ half- grown or more at flowering time, glabrous at maturity, thin at first but eventually subcoriaceous in texture, yellowish-green, 2-7 long including the petiole, 1-5°™ wide, or even larger on vigorous shoots, fading in October with tones of yellow and brown; they are ovate or round-ovate in outline, sharply and irregularly serrate and incisely lobed, acute at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base and prolonged into a margined and _ glandular petiole 1~-3°" long, or on vigorous shoots larger and more deeply lobed and with truncate or subcordate base: flow- ers, which expand in the vicinity of Biltmore, North Carolina (type locality), about the middle of May, produced in simple, glandular-bracteate, mostly 3~—7-flowered corymbs: pedicels gla- brous, 8—-12™™" long, bearing one or more pectinately-glandular caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, glabrous, the divisions 3~5™™ long, glandular-serrate and pectinately- glandular below the middle, reflexed after anthesis, mostly persistent and coloring slightly with the fruit: petals orbicular, or broader than long, 8mm_jcm jn diameter, the claw at the base broad and short: stamens 10, 6-8™™ long, the anthers purplish: styles 3-5, sur- rounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit subglobose, angled, (25) 26 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES red or russet-red, 8-12™™ in diameter, containing from 3~—5 hard, bony nutlets, which measure 7.5-g™™" in length and 4~-5™™ in thickness from back to inner angle and display prominent dor- sal ridges and grooves and plane lateral surfaces. Crategus buckleyi is one of the most common thorns in the mountains of North Carolina and adjacent Tennessee and Virginia, inhabiting woods and banks and standing in company with oaks, pines and hickories. It is well repre- sented in herbaria from the region noted, and has shared in common with other southern forms in the impersonation of C. coccinea, C. glandulosa and C. rotundifolia. Having noticed a specimen of the proposed species collected along the French Broad river near Hot Springs by Mr. S. B. Buckley many years ago, the oldest specimen I have seen, I have decided to commemorate his name. C. buckleyt is very closely related to C boyntonz*', but easily recognized by the pur- ple color of the anthers, the stalked glands below the middle of the calyx seg- ments—a character not found in C. boyntonzi—and also by the larger seeds and relatively later period of blossoming. The type sheets, consisting of flowers and fruit from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus tecta n. sp. A shrub 2-5™ tall, with one or more stems: bark dark ashy- gray, frequently blackened near the base, fissured, the surface broken into numerous small scaly pieces; of the branches gray tinged with reddish-brown: spines 1-4.5°™ long, gray or chestnut- brown: leaves ovate or round-ovate, 2.5-9°™ long, including the petiole, 1.5-6°™ broad, sharply and irregularly serrate and incisely lobed, acute at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base and prolonged in margined, gland-bearing petioles 5™™—3°™ long, thin to firm in texture, glabrous or with a few hairs at the time of unfolding, bright green above, paler below, fading in autumn to tones of yellow and brown: flowers, which appear when the leaves are nearly fully grown, borne in 3-6- flowered, glabrous corymbs, expanding in the vicinity of Albertville, Alabama (type locality), early in May: pedicels 5-15™™ long, glabrous, bearing one or more narrow, pectinately-glandular, caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, glabrous, the segments 3-4™™ long, serrate or sparingly so to entire, reflexed after anthesis: petals nearly or- bicular, 6.5-8™" in diameter: stamens normally 20, 4-5™™ long, the anthers light purple: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base 21 Bot. Gaz. 28: 409, 1899, BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 27 with: pale hairs: fruit, which ripens and falls the last of Septem- ber and first of October, red, globose, 1o-13™™ in diameter:: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, 6-7™™ long, 3.5-4.5™™ measured from the back to the inner angle, the lateral faces nearly plane and the back strongly ridged and grooved. Crategus tecta is abundant in rocky woodlands in Marshall county, Ala- bama. Contrasted with C. buckleyz, above proposed, the species just described may be recognized by the smaller flowers, thinner leaves, more numerous sta- mens and smaller habit of growth. _ The type material is preserved in Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus pallens n. sp. A tree in its best stages of development, 5—7™ tall, or under less favorable conditions a much-branched shrub with one or sev- eral stems: bark of the trunk dark ashy-gray, frequently much blackened near the base, the surface broken into numerous small plate-like scales by shallow fissures: trunk and larger branches armed with strong gray or chestnut-brown spines, which are fre- quently compound ; branchlets relatively slender, the bark smooth, in color varying from dark gray through shades of reddish-brown to bright reddish-brown on the new growth: spines straight or slightly curved, dark chestnut-brown, 3-6 long: buds globular, bright reddish-brown : leaves, which appear before the flowers, light or even yellowish-green in color, fading in October with decided tones of yellow and brown, thin to subcoriaceous in texture, 2-8°™ long including the petiole, 1.5-5°™ broad ; they are ovate, round-ovate or occasionally obovate in outline, acute at the apex, the borders sharply and irregularly serrate or incisely lobed, contracted at the base and prolonged into margined and glandular petioles 1—-3°™ long, or frequently rounded or on the strong shoots truncate or subcordate at the base: flowers, which expand at Biltmore, N. C. (type locality), about the tenth of May, produced in simple, mostly 5-7-flowered, glandular-bracteate corymbs: pedicels 1-2°™ long, glabrous, bearing one or several pectinately-glandular caducous bractlets : calyx obconic, glabrous, the divisions 3-5™™ long, glan- dular-serrate or pectinately-glandular, glabrous except a few hairs along the ventral surface: petals orbicular, 6-g™™ in diameter, the claw short and broad, persistent for a day or so : stamens normally 28 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 20, 4-7™™ long, the anthers purple : styles mostly 3, sometimes 4- 5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit subglobose to oval, yellow or greenish-yellow in color, ripening and falling in October, 8-15™™" wide, 8-16™" high: nutlets usually 3, hard and -bony, 7-9™™ long, 3.5-5™™ thick measured dorso-ventrally, the back strongly ridged and grooved, but the lateral faces nearly plane. Crategus pallens was discovered in upland woods near Biltmore, N. C., growing with oaks, pines, hickories, etc., seeming to prefer the rich but com- paratively dry soil of shallow valleys. The proposed species is related to C. sav- gentt™ and C. venusta”, Contrasted with the former it may be distinguished by the shorter pedicels, narrower and less persistent calyx segments and the less pointed leaves, while from the last cited species it differs in the color of the anthers, shorter leaves and smaller flowers. The type specimens, consisting of flowers and fruit from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus dispar n. sp. A shrub 3-4™ tall, with drooping branches, or sometimes arborescent, with a short trunk 1-2™ in length and about 19™ in diameter: bark of the trunk and older branches dark gray or gray tinged with brown, rough or at the base deeply furrowed and much blackened: branchlets pendulous, zigzag, armed with numerous stout, gray or chestnut-brown spines 2.5-5.5°™ long, the bark vary- ing in color from gray to tones of red and brown, the growth of the season being clothed with dense, pale tomentum: leaves obovate to orbicular in outline, or those of the strong shoots conspicuously broader than long, 1.5-6° long including petiole, 8mm_4gcm wide, the majority being about 4°™ long and 2°™ wide; they are densely tomentose at the time of unfolding, becoming with age glabrate on the upper surface and somewhat lucid, the under -surface retaining the tomentum, especially along the prominent ascending veins, until fallen and nearly decayed ; they are subcori- aceous in texture, sharply and irregularly serrate and incisely lobed, especially above the middle of the blade, the serratures glandular- apiculate, rounded at the apex or short pointed; at the base either _rounded or gradually narrowed from near the middle of the blade, and prolonged into a glandular, tomentose petiole 5™™-1.5o™ 22 Bot. Gaz. 28: 407, 1899. 23 Bot. Gaz. 3O : 338, 1900. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 29 long: corymbs densely white-tomentose, 3—7-flowered: pedicels 8mm_yz,5°m long, tomentose: calyx obconic, pubescent or tomentose, the divisions 5—6™™ long, glandular, serrate, coloring with the fruit: stamens normally 20: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: petals nearly orbicular, 6-g™™ in diameter, with a short broad claw at the base: fruit, which ripens in the vicinity of Aiken, South Carolina (type locality), the last of July or early in August, red, subglobose or oval, 8-12™ long, 7-10™™ wide, sparingly pubescent or glabrate: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, 6—7mm Jong, 2.5-3.5™™" measured dorso-ventrally, the back nearly smooth or slightly ridged, the lateral faces nearly plane. Crategus dispar belongs to the group of which C. michauxi Pers.,** and C. senta* are types. From the former it may be distinguished by the serrate and incised borders of the leaf blades, while from the last-named species it _ differs in the size of the fruits and nutlets, time of ripening and by the out- line and character of the leaves. The proposed species has been collected in sandy soil at Aiken, South Carolina, and in similar situations at Trenton in the same state and at Augusta, Georgia. It is one of the earliest of the autumnal fruiting thorns to ripen at the stations mentioned. _ The type sheet is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium Crategus lassa n. sp. A tree occasionally attaining the height of 5™, with a short, straight trunk clothed with rough and frequently furrowed bark, or more often a large much-branched shrub with one or several stems: bark of the trunk and larger branches dark ashy-gray or much blackened ; of the slender, zigzag and drooping branchlets, which are frequently armed with short spines, gray tinged with reddish-brown: leaves cuneiform, 1.5-4.5°™ long, including the margined petiole, 7™™-2- wide, or on the shoots more dilated or frequently broader than long and with rounded bases ; they are pubescent at the time of unfolding, soon becoming glabrate, except along the petiole, midrib and in the axils of the promi- nent, ascending veins, either rounded at the apex and with a short, abrupt point, or nearly truncate with one or more short points or shallow lobes, the borders roughened with many black- colored sessile glands: flowers, which expand in the vicinity of 24 Syn. Plant. 2:38, 1807. 25 Bot. Gaz. 8O: 341, 1900. 30 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Selma, Alabama (type locality), about the middle of April, borne in 2-5- mostly 3-flowered corymbs: pedicels 5™™~1.5°™ long, densely pubescent, and bearing one or more linear, glandular and caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, densely pubescent, the divisions about 5™™ long, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: sta- mens normally 20, 3-5™™ long, the anthers yellow: styles 3-5, sur- rounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit, which ripens early in August, pyriform, 8-10™™ wide, 10-13™™" high, orange-red, the cavity 3-4™™ wide, surrounded by the persistent calyx segments : nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, 6-7™™ long, 3-4™™ measured from _the back to the inner angle, the lateral faces nearly plane and the back without prominent grooves or ridges. Crategus lassa is common in the sandy oak-barrens near Selma, Alabama. Generally referred to C. flava in herbaria, the writer is, however, inclined to associate and contrast it with C. michauxz Pers.,1.c., from which species it differs’ mainly in the shape of the fruit and leaves. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus frugiferens n. sp. A shrub 1-5™ tall or occasionally arborescent, with a short, slender trunk: bark of the trunk or larger branches dark ashy- gray, frequently blackened near the base; of the branchlets gray tinged with reddish-brown, the growth of the season reddish- brown marked: by small pale lenticels: winter buds globular, the scales thick, rounded at the apex, bright reddish-brown: spines numerous, short and stout, 1-3°™ long, or occasionally larger, gray or chestnut-brown: leaves obovate, oval or round-ovate, 1-8 long including the petiole, 1.5-6™ broad, a little pubescent at the time of unfolding, becoming glabrous or with a few hairs along the winged glandular petioles and prominent veins, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow and brown, firm in texture; they are sharply and irregularly serrate and incisely lobed, mostly acute at the apex, rounded at the base and abruptly contracted into petioles 5™™-2°™ long: flowers, which open in the vicinity of Cullman, Alabama (type locality), the latter part of April, borne in mostly simple 3~5-flowered very sparsely hairy corymbs : pedicels 7™™—1.5°™ long, bearing a few weak hairs and one or more narrow, glandular or pectinately-glandular, caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, glabrous, the divisions about 4™™ long, BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 31 reflexed after anthesis, sparingly serrate or entire, the serratures minutely glandular: petals nearly orbicular, 8-1o™™ in diameter, the upper margin erose, the claw at the base short and broad: stamens normally 10, about 5™™ long, the anthers purple: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit globose or subglobose, red, g-13™" in diameter, ripening and falling after the middle of September or early in October, the flesh soft and pleasant to the taste: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, 6.5-8™™ long, 3.5-5™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral faces nearly plane and the back grooved and ridged. Crategus frugiferens is common in thin, sandy or rocky soil near Cull- man, Alabama, and has been gathered in similar situations on Lookout Mountain near Gadsden, Alabama; Red Mountain, Birmingham, Alabama, and in dther places in the northeastern and upper central portions of the state. The new species is related to C. africa” and C. sororia™ differing from the former in the sharply serrate borders of the leaves, purple anthers, glabrous calyx and shorter spines, and from the latter by the number of stamens, glabrous calyx and the smaller and deeper colored fruit. The type specimens, flowers and fruit from the same individual, are pre- served in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus ignava n. sp. A small tree 3-4™ tall or more frequently a much-branched shrub with one or more stems: bark ashy-gray or gray tinged with _ brown, frequently blackened near the base, the surface fissured and broken into numerous plate-like scales: branches ascending, armed with stout, gray or chestnut-brown spines 2-3.5°™ long, the bark smooth, gray tinged with brown or reddish-brown: winter buds globular, bright reddish-brown: leaves, which are almost fully grown at flowering time, 2.5-6.5°™ long including the petiole, 1-3 wide, glabrous or with a few hairs along the midrib and princi- pal veins, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, bright green and fading to tones of yellow and brown; they vary from obovate to ovate in outline, or occasionally round-ovate, acute at the apex, either wedge- shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base and prolonged into margined, glandular petioles 5™™-1.5°™ long, the borders sharply and irregularly serrate and incisely lobed above the middle of the blade, and less sharply serrate towards the base, the serra- 26 Bot, Gaz. ZO : 335, 1900. 27 Bot. Gaz. 3O: 336, 1900. j 32 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES tures minutely glandular-apiculate: flowers, which expand in. the vicinity of Valley Head, Ala. (type locality), early in May, pro- duced in nearly simple, glandular-bracteate, mostly 3—5-flowered corymbs: pedicels glabrous or with a few weak, caducous hairs, 1-2 long, bearing one or more pectinately-glandular caducous ‘practlets: calyx obconic, glabrous, the divisions 4-5.5™™ long, serrate or glandular serrate, reflexed after anthesis: petals 6—-8™m long and of about the same width, the claw at the base relatively broad and short: stamens normally 20, 3-5™™ long, the anthers purplish: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit globose or subglobose, 8-12™™ in diameter, red or orange red, ripening and falling the last of September and early in October, the cavity 3.5-4™™ wide surrounded by the remnants of the calyx lobes and filaments: nutlets hard and bony, 5.5—-6.5™™ long, about 3mm thick measured dorso-ventrally, the back ridged and grooved and the lateral faces nearly plane. Crategus ignava grows abundantly on Lookout Mountain, above Valley Head, Alabama, and in similar situations at Collinsville and Gadsden, Alabama, and, while known to the writer for some time, its marked unfruitfulness during three seasons has rendered its full and comparative study of slow progress. The new species belongs to that section of the ‘‘ flava group’’ characterized by twenty stamens and red fruit, and is easily contrasted with C. sororza, 1. c., a member of the same section and group. The most prominent points of distinction are apparent in the relative size of the fruits and nutlets and the glabrous or nearly glabrous pedicels of the former and the more pubescent character of the same organs in the last named species. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. -Crategus segnis n. sp. A tree 5~7™ tall with very rough, dark colored bark: trunk 1-1. 54™ in diameter, dividing 1-3™ above ground into large, spreading and crooked branches which are clothed with dark gray or reddish- brown bark: spines stout and short, 1-2 long, gray or reddish- brown: leaves, which are almost fully grown at, flowering time, firm to subcoriacous in texture, 2—-5.5°™ long including the petiole, I-3.5°™ wide, bright green in color, fading to tones of yellow and brown ; they are sparsely pubescent on both surfaces at the time of unfolding, especially along the midrib and ascending veins, soon glabrous or with a few hairs in the axils; in outline obovate, round-ovate or infrequently orbicular, acute at the apex, or rounded / BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 33 with ashort, sharp point, either rounded or narrowed at the base and prolonged into a glandular, pubescent but eventually glabrate petiole 5™™-2- long; the borders are crenate, crenate-dentate, or obscurely serrate, the teeth or serratures glandular-apiculate, or sometimes deeply toothed or slightly lobed near the apex: flowers, which expand in the vicinity of Greenville, Alabama (type locality), about the middle of April, 12™™—1.5°™ broad, pro- duced in small, mostly 3~—5-flowered or occasionally 7-flowered, simple corymbs: pedicels 5™™—-1°™ long, pilose, bearing a few glandular or pectinately-glandular, caducous bractlets; calyx obconic, sparingly pilose, the divisions 3-5™™ long, serrate, re- flexed after anthesis: petals small, a little broader than long, about 6—7™m, the claw at the base short and relatively broad: stamens normally 20, 3-5™™ long: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit red, globose, 8-12™™ in diameter, ripening and falling after the middle of September: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, 6—7™ long, 3.5-4.5™" measured dorso-ventrally, the back ridged and grooved and the lateral faces nearly plane. Crategus segnis is related to C. sororza, |. c., and may be contrasted by the much smaller flowers, fruits and nutlets and the outline and borders of the leaves. It is known to me only from the region adjacent to Greenville, Alabama, where numerous individuals of great age testify to its slow growth and longevity. The type material, consisting of fruit and flowers from the same individual, is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus quaesita n. sp. A tree occasionally 5—7™ tall with a short trunk 1-1.59™ in diameter, or more often a large branching shrub with one or several stems: bark of the trunk and larger branches ashy-gray or frequently much blackened at the base, fissured and broken on the surface into small scaly plates: of the branchlets gray, tinged with reddish-brown, the growth of the season at- first pubescent, but eventually glabrous, reddish-brown in color: spines short and stout, 2-3°" long, gray or chestnut-brown : leaves obovate or cuneiform, 1.5-6°™ long, including the mar- gined, glandular petiole, 1~-3°™ wide, or even larger on vigorous shoots, a little pubescent at the time of unfolding, soon glabrous . or with a few hairs on the petiole and along the midrib, bright 34 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES glossy green when mature, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading . in autumn to tones of yellow and brown with occasional dashes of red; they are rounded at the apex and with an abrupt short point or shallowly several lobed or occasionally simply pointed and acute, the borders serrate or crenate, either cuneate at the base or more abruptly contracted into a petiole 5™™-2°™ long: flow- ers produced when the leaves are about half-grown, cup-shaped, 12-16™™ in diameter, the corymbs 1~-5-flowered, expanding in the region of River Junction, Florida (type locality), about the first of April: pedicels 5-12™™ long, pubescent, bearing one or more narrow, glandular or pectinately-glandular caducous bractlets : calyx obconic, sparingly pubescent, the divisions glan- dular or glandular-serrate, 3.5-5™™ long, reflexed after anthesis: petals nearly orbicular, 6-9™™ in diameter, erose, the claw at the base relatively broad and short: stamens normally 20, 3—-5m™m long, the anthers light purple: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit, which ripens and falls about the middle of September, subglobose or slightly pyriform, red and orange, 8-11™™ in diameter, g-13™™ high, the cavity 3-4™™ wide: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, about 7™™ long, 3-4™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral faces nearly plane and the back some- times bearing grooves and ridges. Crategus guaestta is probably best contrasted with C. seguzs above pro- posed, from which it may be known by the more pubescent corymbs, more glandular and less deeply incised calyx segments, longer pedicels and lighter colored and elongated fruit. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus consanguinea n. sp. A tree 5-7" high with a clear trunk dividing 2-3™ above ground into several stout, ascending or spreading branches, or a large much-branched shrub with one or more stems: bark of the trunk and larger branches dark ashy-gray or even much blackened, fissured, the surface being broken into numerous plate- like scales ; of the branchlets gray or reddish-brown, the growth of the season at first pubescent, soon becoming smooth and marked by small pale lenticels: spines short and stout, 1.5—-3™ long, gray or chestnut-brown, or occasionally larger on the older branches or main axis: leaves obovate, round-ovate or nearly a, ee SS Oe eS a ce BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 35 orbicular in outline, 2-6°™ long including the petiole, 1~4°™ broad, or even larger on vigorous shoots, slightly hairy at the time of unfolding, especially along the petiole and principal veins, which retain more or less of the pubescence even in age, other- - wise soon becoming glabrous, thin to firm in texture, bright green; they are mostly acute at the apex, irregularly serrate and incisely lobed, contracted at the base and prolonged into a margined, glandular petiole 1-2°™ long: flowers, which appear when the leaves are more than half-grown, borne in simple, bracted 1-5-flowered corymbs, and expand at Tallahassee, Florida (type locality), after the middle of March: pedicels finely pubescent, 5™™-1.5°™ long, bearing one or more pectinately- glandular, caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, sparsely pubescent, the divisions pectinately-glandular or glandular-serrate, 4~-5™™ long, reflexed after anthesis: petals erose, 8-1o™™ across, with a short, broad claw at the base: stamens normally 20, 5-7™™ long, . the anthers purzslish: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit globose or depressed globose, red, g-12™™ broad, ripening and falling about the middle of September: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, 7-8™™ long, 4-5™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral faces nearly plane and the back ridged and grooved. Crategus consanguinea is related to C. sororza, |, c., from which it may be known by the thinner and less pointed leaves, color of the anthers and smaller and duller colored fruit. The proposed species thrives in the wood- lands east of Tallahassee and extends westward to the valley of the Chata- hoochee River. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus condigna n. sp. Arborescent, 4—6™ tall, with a short trunk 1--1.54™ in diameter, or more frequently a large shrub with one or more stems: bark of the trunk or larger branches ashy-gray or frequently black- ened, fissured and scaly; of the branchlets gray, or tinged with reddish-brown, the growth of the season at first pubescent: spines 5™m™_2-m long or more, gray or chestnut-brown: leaves obovate, cuneate, or on the shoots broadly obovate, 1-4°™ long including the petiole, 7™™~2.5°™ broad, either rounded and with one or more short points, or these obsolete, or acute at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly narrowed at the base, the petiole 36 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 3™m_1cm long: they are pubescent at the time of unfolding, espe- cially the petioles and principal veins, becoming glabrate with age, the borders crenate or crenate-dentate, particularly so above the middle of the blade, usually serrate and glandular near the base, bright glossy green when mature, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn to tones of brown and yellow: flowers produced in simple, mostly i1-3-flowered corymbs, expanding in the vicinity of River Junction, Florida (type locality), the last of March or first of April, and when the leaves are nearly fully grown: pedicels 4™™—1°™ long, tomentose-pubescent, bearing one or more narrow deciduous bractlets: calyx obconic, tomentose- pubescent, the segments glandular-serrate, 3.5-5™™ long, reflexed after anthesis: petals nearly orbicular, with a broad, short claw at the base: stamens normally 20, 3-4™™ long: styles 3-5, sur- rounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit subglobose or pyri- form, red and orange or greenish, 7-9™™ wide, 8—-11™™ high, ripening and falling early in September: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, 5-6™™ long, about 4™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the- lateral faces nearly plane and the back shallowly grooved and ridged. Crategus condigna is represented in many herbaria, the following specimens being noted: Chapman, Florida; Curtiss No. 5982, River Junction, Fla.; C. S. Sargent, Chattahoochee, Fla., 1900; Biltmore Herbarium, River Junction, Fla., 1899, and Tallahassee, Fla., 1900. The species now proposed represents one of the many forms which have served as C. flava Ait.,“ a name, when correctly applied, properly belonging to a different plant. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus lepida n. sp. A small and very spiny shrub, seldom averaging more than I-1.5™ tall, with drooping branches: bark gray or tinged with reddish-brown: branches slender, recurved, zigzag, the internodes very short: spines very numerous, 1—2.5° long, gray or chestnut- brown: leaves very small, 5™™-2.5°™ long including the petiole, 3.5™m™m_gem wide, pubescent and glandular at the time of unfolding, becoming glabrous and lustrous on the upper surface, pale green on the lower side and with more or less pubescence, especially along the petiole, principal veins and in their axils; they vary from obovate, round-ovate or nearly orbicular to spatulate in out- 28 Hort. Kew. 2: 169, 1789. ' BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 37 - line, either rounded, truncate or short pointed at the apex, con- tracted at the base or sometimes cuneate and prolonged into a margined glandular petiole 2™™—1“™ long, the borders crenate or dentate or glandular-serrate and slightly lobed near the apex and little more than glandular at the base, fading in early autumn with decided yellow and brown tints: flowers which appear early in April, solitary or in twos or threes: pedicels tomentose-pubescent, 2-7™m Jong, bearing one or more glandular or pectinately-glandular caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, more or less pubescent, the divisions 2-3™™ long, glandular serrate or pectinately-glandular, usually coloring with the fruit: petals nearly orbicular, about 5™™ in diameter: stamens normally 20, 3-3.5™™ long: styles 3-5, sur- rounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit subglobose, about 7-11™™" in diameter, orange or orange-red in color, ripening and falling in the vicinity of Waycross, Georgia (type locality), about the last of August: cavity 3-4™™ wide, surrounded by the calyx segments and the remnants of the stamens, the tips of the nutlets exposed at the bottom at maturity: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, 6—-7m™m long, 3-4™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the back either smooth or shallowy grooved, the lateral faces nearly plane. Crategus lepida is a remarkably neat and graceful shrub, an inhabitant of the sandy soil of southeastern Georgia and northeastern Florida, and is represented in the Herbarium from Darien and Waycross, Georgia, and Jacksonville, Florida. The species belongs to that section of the ‘‘ flava group”’ characterized by small, glossy leaves and very few-flowered corymbs. Type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus invicta n. sp. A shrub 1-1.5™ tall with zigzag, recurved and very spiny branches, clothed with gray bark which is usually more or less tinged with reddish-brown: thorns slender, straight or slightly curved, 2.5-5°™ long, gray or chestnut-brown in color: leaves, which are nearly fully grown at flowering time, spathulate or cuneate, on the vigorous shoots obovate or round-ovate, 5™™—2, 5«m long including the short petiole, 3™™—-1° broad, or a little more in width on the shoots, either rounded and frequently shallowly lobed near the apex, or more acute with less conspicuous lobes, serrate or crenate-dentate, the teeth glandular-apiculate ; they are somewhat pubescent at the time of unfolding, soon becoming 38 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES glabrous or with a little pubescence persistent along the petiole and prominent ascending veins or in their axils, glandular towards the base, bright green and lustrous on the upper surface, paler below, firm in texture, fading in autumn to tones of yellow and brown: flowers which expand about the last of April, solitary or produced in twos or threes: pedicels permanently tomentose, 4mm_yzcm Jong, bearing one or more narrow, glandular, caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, tomentose, the segments, 3-4.5™™ long, elandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: petals nearly orbicular 4—5™m in diameter, the claw at the base short and relatively broad: stamens normally 20, 3-4™™ long: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit pyriform, 6-8™™ wide, 8-11™™ high, the cavity 3-4™™ wide surrounded by the persistent calyx lobes and remnants of the stamens, the pedicels tomentose or pubescent: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, about 7™™ long, 3-4™™ measured from the back to the inner angle, the lateral faces nearly plane and the back grooved and ridged. Crategus tnvicta was found in sandy soil near Doctortown, Georgia (type locality), and similar specimens were collected by Professor C. S. Sar- gent on his journey to Louisiana and Florida in 1886 at Way’s Station, Georgia. The species just proposed has, on superficial examination, affinities with C. wnzfiora Muench,* but properly belongs to the ‘‘flava group.’’ From C. lefida above described, it differs in the longer spines, pyriform, later ripen- ing fruit, and more pointed and elongated leaves. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus munda n. sp. A small shrub with drooping branches frequenting the dry pine lands near Batesburg, South Carolina (type locality), sel- dom exceeding 1-1.5™ in height: bark dark gray tinged with reddish-brown: spines slender, straight or slightly curved, 1-4.5™ long, gray or chestnut-brown: leaves spathulate or obovate in outline, 1-3°™ long including the petiole, 4™™—1.5°™ wide, pubes- cent at the time of unfolding, becoming nearly glabrous or with traces of pubescence along the petiole and principal veins and in their axils; they are either rounded, frequently with an abrupt point at the apex, or more acute, narrowed towards the base and abruptly contracted into a short petiole, or cuneate, bright 229 Muench. Hausv. 5: 147, 1770. ———— BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 39 glossy green, dentate or serrate, especially near the apex, fading in autumn with tones of yellow and brown: flowers which open about the middle of April, solitary or in twos or threes: pedicels pubescent, becoming glabrous or with a few hairs persistent: gmm_yzcm Jong, bearing one or more narrow, caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, sparingly pubescent, the divisions 3.5-5™™ long, serrate or glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: petals nearly orbicular, 5-6™™ in diameter, the claw at the base relatively short and broad: stamens normally 20, 3-4™™ long: styles 3-5, sur- rounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit pyriform, g—12™™ high, 7-9™™ wide, the cavity about 4™™ wide, surrounded by the persistent calyx lobes and remnants of the stamens: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, about 7™™ long, 3-4™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral faces nearly plane and the back grooved and ridged. Crategus munda, another form of the ‘'flava group,’’ with small, glossy leaves and in aspect somewhat similar to C. wzzflora, |.c., is closely associated with C. zzvicta above proposed, from which it differs in the less pubescent foli- age and pedicels, more sharply cut and scarcely lobed leaves, less spiny branches and rather larger fruit. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus vulsa n. sp. A tree 4-6™ tall with a trunk 1-24" in diameter branching I-3™ above the ground, the ascending or spreading branches forming an oval, usually compact symmetrical head: or often a large shrub with one or several stems: bark of the trunk or stems gray tinged with brown, thin, fissured and scaly; of the branches smooth, the growth of the season glabrous, bright reddish-brown : spines stout, either straight or slightly curved, 2.5-4°™ long, or frequently of much greater size and compound on the trunk and larger branches, chestnut-brown or gray: leaves ovate, oval or round-ovate, the blades 1.5—-7°™ long, 1-6°™ broad, glabrous or with a few hairs along the veins and in their axils, sharply and irregularly serrate and incisely lobed, acute at the apex, either rounded or abruptly narrowed at the base and extending into margined petioles 5™™~2.5°m long; they are thin to firm in texture, bright green, fading with decided tones of yellow and brown: flowers produced in glabrous, compound, 3—10-flowered corymbs, the lower branches arising from the axils of leaves, appearing in 40 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES the vicinity of Gadsden, Alabama (type locality), the latter part of April and when the leaves are almost fully grown: pedicels glabrous, 8™™_1.5°™ long, bearing one or more narrow, sparingly if at all glandular, caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, glabrous, the divisions 2.5—3.5™™ long, nearly or quite entire, reflexed after anthesis: petals 6-7™™ in diameter, the upper margins usually erose: stamens normally 20, 3-4™™ long, the anthers purplish: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit globose, 7-9™ in diameter, yellowish-green flushed with red, ripening the last of September and early in October: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, 5-6™™ long, 3-4™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the ventral faces nearly plane and the exterior surface very slightly grooved and ridged or even smooth. Crategus vulsa is distributed from the ‘‘flat-woods’’ south of Gadsden, Alabama, to the valley of Horseleg creek at Rome, Georgia, prefering rich, moist soil. Vhe proposed species is closely related to C. viridis L.*° (C. arborescens Ell 1), but may be distinguished by the broader, relatively shorter and more finely serrate and less incised leaves (which do not bear such large conspicuous tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins as is so frequently noticeable in the latter species) the larger, paler colored fruits and coarser seeds. The type material, composed of fruit and flowers from the samé tree, is pre- served in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus opima n. sp. Arborescent, 4—7™ tall, with a trunk 1-24™ in diameter, branch- ing 2-4™ above ground, the spreading or ascending branches form- ing an oval or round usually open head; or frequently a much- branched shrub with one or more stems: bark ashy-gray, usually blackened near the base and on the branches tinged with brown and red, the growth of the season glabrous, bright reddish-brown, marked ‘with small, pale lenticels : spines 1-3 long or larger and branched on the trunk and older branches, straight or curved, gray or chestnut-brown: leaves oval, ovate or orbicular, 2.5-7" long including the petioles, sharply and _ irregularly serrate and incisely lobed, acute at the apex, contracted at the base (frequently rounded or sub-truncate on the shoots) and tapering into slender, slightly margined petioles 7™™-2.5°™ long, glabrous, or with a sprinkling of short hairs along the veins, 30 Sp. Pl. 476, 1753.! 31 Bot. S. C. & Ga. I: 550, 1821. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 41 especially upon the upper surface when young, thin to firm in texture, bright green above, paler below, fading in autumn with decided tones of yellow and brown: stipules linear, either straight or falcate, glandular or pectinately-glandular, or broader and glandular-serrate on vigorous shoots, caducous: flowers, which appear when the leaves are nearly fully grown, produced in simple, glabrous, bracteate corymbs, and expand in the vicinity of Greenville, Alabama (type locality), before the middle of April: pedicels glabrous, 6™—1.5°™ long, bearirg a few narrow, glandular, deciduous bractlets: calyx glabrous, obconic, the divi- sions 2—3.5™™ long, sparingly glandular-serrate or entire, slightly pubescent on the inner surface, reflexed after anthesis: petals 6—-7™m wide, nearly orbicular or even longer than broad, the margin above usually erose: stamens normally 20, 4-6 long, the anthers purple: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit globose, bright red, 5-8™™ in diameter, ripening the first of October and usually persisting for a brief period: nutlets 3-5, 3-5-4.5™™ long, 2.5-3™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the ven- tral faces nearly plane and the back faintly grooved and ridged. Crategus opfima is frequently loaded with the small highly-colored pomes, and in such condition is a striking and pretty object. Abundantly distributed in the region about Greenville, Alabama, the form has also been collected at other points in the same general region of the state. From the characters of the fruit it suggests C. virzd7s L., 1. c. (C. arborescens Ell.), 1. c., a species however, with which it differs widely, as exemplified in the imstance of the former by the simple corymbs and more circular, short pointed leaves. Con- trasted with C. pulcherrima Ashe,* with which it is more closely related, the © new species may be distinguished by the round, highly colored fruit, border and relatively shorter leaf-blades with less deeply incised borders and later time of flowering. The type material, composed of fruit and flowers frcm the same tree, is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus incilis n. sp. Arborescent, 5~7™ tall, with a trunk 1~-1.59™ in diameter divid- ing 1-2.5™ above ground into several stout, ascending or spreading branches, or a large branching shrub with one or several stems: bark of the trunk and larger branches gray, more or less tinged with brown and usually blackened near the base ; of the branchlets 32 Jour. Elisha. Mitchell Soc. 16:77, 1900. 42 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES gray with tinges of reddish-brown, the growth of the season gla- brous, bright reddish-brown, marked with small pale lenticels: spines slender, 1-4 long, gray or chestnut-brown, or on the older branches and trunk compound and of larger size: leaves ovate, ovate-oblong or oval, 2.5-g™ long including the petioles, 1-5. 5«™ - broad, glabrous, thin to firm in texture, bright green above, paler below and displaying 4-6 pairs of prominent veins ; they are acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, often abruptly so, or on the shoots either rounded or nearly truncate, the borders irregularly serrate and incisely 6-10-lobed or cleft: flowers, which appear when the leaves are about two-thirds grown, produced in mostly 5—10- flowered sub-simple corymbs, and expand in the vicinity of Evergreen, Alabama (type locality), before the middle of April: pedicels glabrous, 1-2.5° long, bearing one or several narrow pectinately-glandular, caducous bractlets : calyx obconic, glabrous, the divisions 3-4™™ long, 1-2™™ broad, usually serrate near the summit, reflexed after anthesis: petals nearly orbicular, 6—-8™™ in diameter, the upper borders more or less erose: stamens normally 20, 4-5™™ long, the anthers purple: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit which ripens and falls the last of Sep- tember or early in October, globose, red or red and green, 5-g™™ in diameter, the cavity very prominent, 2.5-4™™ across, surrounded by the remnants of the calyx lobes and filaments, or the former frequently fully persistent: nutlets 3-5, usually 3, 4.5-6™™ long, 2.5-3.5™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the back slightly ndged and grooved and the lateral faces nearly plane. Crategus incilis is abundant along the borders of swamps, usually in clayey soil, at Evergreen, Alabama. The proposed species differs from C. opima previously described, in the elongated, many-cleft or incised leaves, the stouter and larger pedicels and duller colored fruit, and from C. pulcher- rima Ashe, 1. c., in the shape and color of the fruit, the longer and stouter pedicels and more elongated leaves. The type material (fruit and flowers from the same tree), is preserved in - the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus signata n. sp. A tree seldom exceeding a height of 5-6™, with a slender trunk dividing 2-3™ above ground into several spreading or ascending branches, the whole forming an oval or round, com- BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 43 pact head ; or frequently a large, much-branched shrub with one or more stems: bark of the trunk and larger stems ashy-gray, usually blackened near the base, rough; of the branches and branchlets gray tinged with brown, the growth of the season at first pubescent, becoming glabrous, bright reddish-brown: spines stout, gray or chestnut-brown, 2.5-4.5°™ long, or more: leaves obovate or, on the shoots, oval, either rounded and frequently with a short abrupt point at the apex, or more acute, sharply and irregularly serrate, especially above the middle, on the shoots more sharply serrate and sometimes incisely lobed; pu- bescent at the time of unfolding and even so at maturity, but the covering rather soft and inconspicuous, bright green in tone, firm in texture, displaying 3-5 pairs of prominent ascending veins: flowers which appear when the leaves are almost fully grown, produced in pilose-pubescent, branched corymbs, and expand in the vicinity of Mobile, Alabama (type locality), in April: pedicels pubescent, 5™™~-1.5°m long, usually bearing one or more narrow, glandular, caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, pubescent, the divisions 4-6™™ long, glandular serrate, reflexed after anthesis: petals nearly orbicular or a little longer than broad, 6-g™™ wide, the upper borders erose: stamens normally 10, about 5™™ long: styles 3-5, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit oval or oblong, g-14™™ long, 7—-10™™ wide, red, more or less pruinose, punctate, ripening and falling the latter part of October: nutlets 3-5, hard and bony, 7-8™™ long, 3-4m™m measured dorso-ventrally, the back prominently ridged and grooved and the ventral faces nearly plane. Crategus signata, an inhabitant of open, mostly dry copses of Southern Alabama, has been generously distributed by Dr. Charles Mohr from collec- tions made from the vicinity of Mobile. From C. ashez* the proposed species differs in the number of stamens, narrower calyx segments, shape of fruit and time of ripening, and from C. alabamenszs** in the number of stamens, size of fruit and later period of maturity. The type sheet is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus teres n. sp. A tree 5-6™ tall, with a short trunk, or more often a large much-branched shrub with one or more stems: bark of the 83 Bot. Gaz. 3O: 339, 1900. 34 Bot. Gaz. ZO: 342, 1900. ae BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES trunk and larger branches dark ashy-gray, usually blackened near the base, rough; of the branches gray tinged with reddish brown, the growth of the season bright reddish-brown, marked with small lenticels: spines stout, gray or chestnut - brown, 2.5-3.5™ long: leaves obovate or broadly cuneiform, on the shoots frequently broadly obovate or elliptical, 2-6.5°™ long, including the petioles, 5™™-4: broad, either rounded at the apex and often with a short and abrupt point or truncate, the base wedge-shaped or more abruptly narrowed and extending into gland-bearing, margined petioles, 5™™-1.5°™ long; they are glabrous or with a few hairs when very young, bright glossy green, firm in texture, the margins irregularly serrate or finely serrate-dentate: flowers, which appear when the leaves are nearly fully grown, produced in glabrous or very sparsely weak-hairy 3-10-flowered simple or compound corymbs, 12-15™™ in diameter, opening in the vicinity of Montgomery, Alabama (type locality), early in April: pedicels 6™™—1.5°™ long, glabrous or with a few weak hairs, bearing one or more narrow, glandular, caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, glabrous, the divisions very long and narrow, 4.5-6™™ long, .5-.75™™ wide or slightly more in mature fruit, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: petals orbicular or rather longer than broad, 6-7™™ wide, the claw at the base relatively short and broad, the upper borders erose: stamens normally 20, 4-5™™ long, the anthers light yellow: styles mostly 2-3, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit oblong, red, 1-1.5 long, 8™™_1-m broad, ripening and falling by or before the middle of August: nutlets usually 2-3, 8-g™™ long, 3-4mm™ measured dorso-ventrally, hard and bony, the back grooved and ridged and the ventral faces nearly plane. Crategus teres is possibly best contrasted with C. alabamenszs, |. c., from which it differs mainly in the glabrate corymbs, leaves and shoots and the smaller fruit. The original specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, were gathered in pine woods near Montgomery, Alabama. Crategus sinistra n. sp. A small tree 4-5™ tall, with a slender trunk seldom more than 14™ in diameter, clothed with scaly dark gray bark which is frequently tinged with brown and much blackened near the base ; or more frequently a large much-branched shrub with one BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 45 or several stems: branches crooked, spreading or ascending, forming a round or flat-topped head, the bark gray, tinged with brown: branchlets zigzag, the growth of the season at first pubescent, becoming glabrous, bright reddish brown, marked by elongated, pale lenticels: spines 1-6°™ long, straight or slightly curved, gray or chestnut-brown: winter buds globular, bright reddish-brown, the scales of the terminal ones spreading, acute or acutish: leaves obovate or occasionally oval or elliptical, 2a—5¢m long including the pubescent, scarcely if at all glandular petioles, 8™™_3¢m wide, pale green and pubescent at the time of unfolding, becoming glabrous or glabrate, bright green and lus- trous on the upper surface, below much paler and with some persistent pubescence especially along the midrib and _ rather inconspicuous ascending veins; they are mostly rounded but occasionally pointed at the apex, either narrowed or cuneate at the base and prolonged into margined petioles 3-7™™ long, sharply and irregularly serrate above the middle, or frequently obscurely serrate or even entire: stipules linear, not exceeding 1m in length, except on very vigorous shoots, when they are broader and longer, more or less glandular, caducous: flowers, which appear when the leaves are two-thirds or more grown, borne in pilose-pubescent, branched, 7—15-flowered corymbs, and expand in the vicinity of West Nashville, Tennessee (type locality), early in May: pedicels pilose-pubescent, 5™™_1.5¢m long, bearing one or more very narrow, sparingly glandular, caducous bractlets: calyx obconic, pilose, the divisions 3—-4™™ long, entire, bearing a number of weak, pale hairs similar to those of the tube and pedicels: petals nearly orbicular, about 6™m in diameter, the claw at the base short and relatively broad: stamens normally 10, 4-5™™ long, the anthers purple: styles one or two, surrounded at the base with pale hairs: fruit oval, g-12™™ long, 6-8™™ wide, reddish, red and green or with yellowish sur- faces where not exposed and brownish red cheeks, flesh thin and greenish, the cavity 2—-2.5™™ across, ripening and falling the last of October and early in November: nutlets 1-2, hard and bony, 7-8™™ long, 4—-5™™ thick when solitary and presenting one or more grooves and low ridges, or 3-4™™ measured dorso-ven- trally when in pairs, the ventral faces nearly plane and the back _ grooved and ridged, 46 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Crategus sinistra is evidently related to C. engelmanni Sarg,® from which, as exemplified by the original specimens from Missouri, it differs in the smaller, oval fruit, the smaller flowers and leaves and more densely and harshly pubescent corymbs and foliage. From C. berberifolia T. & G.,*® the proposed species may be recognized by the fewer stamens and the smaller, _less succulent and elongated fruit. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus tetrica n. sp. A tree 5—-7™ tall, with a short trunk 1—29™ in diameter, di- viding 1-3™ above the ground into several spreading or ascend- ‘ing branches, forming an oval, round or occasionally flat-topped head ; or more frequently a large shrub with one or several stems: bark of the trunk or larger stems fissured and scaly, dark brown or dark ashy gray tinged with brown; of the branches smooth, gray or with mingled tones of brown, the growth of the sea- son pilose-pubescent, becoming glabrous during the latter part of the first or early in the second season, bright reddish-brown marked with numerous small] pale lenticels: spines very stout, 1.5-5™ long, either curved or straight, dark gray or bright chestnut- brown: winter buds globose or oval, the outer scales of the terminal ones with relatively long cuspidate tips, bright reddish- brown: stipules linear or on the stronger shoots lunate, serrate or dentate with long, divergent cuspidate or glandular teeth, caducous: leaves broadly oval or broadly obovate, 3—7°™ long, including the petiole, 1.5-4.5°™ wide, rounded at the apex, fre- quently pointed on vigorous shoots, abruptly narrowed at the base and prolonged into pubescent, margined, sometimes glandu- lar petioles 5™™_1-m long; they are sharply and irregularly ser- rate, especially above the middle, entire near the base, pubescent on both surfaces at the time of unfolding, becoming glabrous or glabrate and dark green and lustrous on the upper surface, be- low pale green, the pubescence persistent along the midrib, petiole and principal, 4-6 pairs of ascending veins, coriaceous, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and red: the flow- ers, which appear when the leaves are almost or quite fully grown, expand in the vicinity of Nashville, Tennessee (type locality), before the middle of May and are borne in compound, pilose-pubescent 10-20-flowered corymbs: pedicels 5™™—-1.5°™ long, 35 Bot. Gaz. 8:2, Igor. 36 Flora N. Am. I: 469, 1838. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 47 pilose-pubescent, bearing one or more narrow, glandular, cadu- cous bractlets: calyx obconic, pilose-pubescent, the divisions about 4™™ long, entire or nearly so, reflexed after anthesis: petals nearly orbicular, 5-6™™ broad, the claw at the base broad and short: stamens normally 10, 4~-5™™ long, the anthers pur- plish: styles usually 2, surrounded at the base with pale hairs : fruit globose, 7™™-1-™ in diameter, red or yellowish green with red cheek, ripening the last of September or early in October, the cavity about 3™™ in diameter, surrounded by the calyx lobes and remnants of the filaments: nutlets mostly in pairs, occa- sionally single, very thick-walled and hard, 6-8™™ long, 3-4m™m measured dorso-ventrally, the ventral faces nearly plane and the back prominently ridged and grooved. Crategus tetrica is a common species on the limestone hills about Nashville, Tennessee, and is related to C. stzzstra above proposed and to C. engelmannz, Sargent, l.c. It may be distinguished from the former by its greater size, larger leaves, round fruit and earlier period of ripening. From the last named species it may be recognized by the broader and more abruptly narrowed leaves, more persistent and harsh pubescence of the foliage and inflorescence, smaller flowers (1.5°™ or less in diameter) and more floriferous corymbs. C. berberifolia T.&G., l.c., differs from the species just described by having narrower leaves with cuneate bases and flowers with more numerous stamens. The type material, consisting of flowers and fruit from the same tree, is pre- served in the Biltmore Herbarium.—C, D. BEADLE. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, N. C. SoSrERUBBY OAK OF THE SOUTHERN ALLEGHANIES Quercus boyntoni n. sp. A shrub 1—5™ tall, usually growing in large clumps or occa- sionally with the aspect of a small tree with a short trunk less than 197m jin diameter, common on Lookout Mountain at elevations between 250 and 300 meters, near Gadsden, Alabama. Leaves obovate in outline, 5-9g°™ long, 1.5-4°™ broad, with 3-5 small obtuse lobes above the middle, but usually near the summit of the blades or nearly entire, the apex obtuse, cuneate or narrowed from the lower lobes to the base and prolonged into short petioles 5™m_jem long; they are tomentose at the time of unfolding, especially and permanently so on the lower surface or along the 48 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES midrib and prominent veins, soon becoming glabrous and lustrous above, coriaceous or slightly thinner in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow and brown: stipules linear, 3-5™m long, pubescent, caducous: staminate flowers borne in aments 5-8:™ long from terminal and lateral buds of the previous season’s growth, the perianth mostly but irregularly 5-lobed, pubescent: stamens normally 5, both the anthers and filaments pubescent: pistillate flowers from the axils of leaves of the growth of the season, either solitary, in pairs or in clusters of three, sessile or. short-pedunculate, clothed with pale hairs, the stigmas purplish- red: acorns sessile or short pedunculate, the brown nut oval or obovoid, about 12™™ high, g-10™™ wide, obtuse, clothed with pale tomentum at the apex and with longitudinal narrow dark-colored stripes: cup turbinate or cup-shaped, enclosing less than one-half of the nut, pubescent inside, the outer surface more densely so and displaying the acute or acutish tips of the closely imbricated scales. Bark of the older stems gray, usually with tinges of brown and black, fissured and broken on the surface into ap- pressed irregular scales; of the branches dark gray or much blackened, marked by numerous small, pale lenticels, the growth of the season at first densely clothed with pale yellowish-brown tomentum, usually becoming glabrous during the second year. Evidently very closely related to Quercus minor (Marsh) Sarg.,** and, were it not for the fact that the Post Oak is distributed throughout the same region, developing the characteristic form and ordinary proportions and seemingly with- out any intergradations between the two, the species here proposed would prob- ably have been regarded merely in the light of varietal rank. Quercus boyntoni is frequently loaded with fruit when only 1™ tall and presents an unique and strik- ing appearance both on account of its small size and peculiar leaves. It is readily distinguished from the Post Oak, growing in the same region, by the small leaves which are lobed much above the middle of the blades and by their long, cuneate bases, and by evidences of maturity in individuals of diminutive size. Quercus margaretta Ashe,** a species from eastern North Carolina, dif- fers from the form described above in the more lobed leaves with shorter bases and the more slender and glabrous or nearly glabrous shoots. The original specimens were collected by Mr. C. L. Boynton of the Biltmore Herbarium, for whom the species is named, in April and October, 1900. C. D. BEADLE. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, N. C. 37 Gard. & Forest, 2: 471, 1880. 38 Journ. Elisha Mitchell Soc., 94, 1895. MARSHALLIA GRANDIFLORA nh. sp, ie i ee So ee ee 7 erie aS? 5 ‘ Sins fae) . i a x V = oS} MARSHALLIA RAMOSA na. sp. A ES Coa POR DS he hee See kN UL OF sp. Nn. MARSHALLIA MOHRI L % MARSHALLIA TRINERYVIA (Walt.) Porter ” MARSHALLIA OBOVATA (Walt.) Vow oe > saad BO eer spelt ascent ty aloe ns ORL RETR OR es Pegi MARSHALLIA OBOVATA PLATYPHYLLA (Curtis) WT b? Si f ee Se SAAR EEA ES Soe StS NOs Sac aaa “Pg SPITOSA Nutt. - 4 4 CA MARSHALLIA & if i} if rt} a = =_— m= S tan \ IN} var. MARSHALLIA C/ESPITOSA SIGNATA n. )) Oe ON gions WARE eee SS iter) Q + Ao ees rn EAN Er tees agra mato rete nae contre eee As Cee et : Med > MARSHALLIA GRAMINIFOLIA (Walt.) Small Cn atin MARSHALLIA GRAMINIFOLIA CYANANTHERA (Elliott) N x 8 MARSHALLIA GRAMINIFOLIA LACINARIOIDES (Small) ae} < 3 ‘ mh +4 7 re ay i ativ ; y i to oe Four wal of Bolan y eos 8 coe ce imbracing Papers by the Director and Associates Re ee : Ok THES a | are ane B I LT M o RE o E R B A RIU Ue aden eg ON eae h by, 4 RNS. FROM. THE ‘SouTHEASTERN ‘States, I. ia 6 ‘D. Beadle 4 te AM NAS _F. E. Boynton : he i oo oP, B. Boynton : en A aR »G. L. Boynton i Mountain Biota « as be . ee ic Poahl . G. Harbison . : pens scree? ‘Harbison e , ay sei 2 Beadle :t 6. a Beadle ot e e e 2 — FROM : ALABAMA iy > | tmor hy ge ry fF ' Chae deh 33 R ‘oLuUME I NUMBER 2 Issued April 30, 1902 A Fournal of Botany ESoUED AT IRREGULAR INTERVALS {Orice, Mne Dollar wn. WESLEY es Son, 28 Essex St., Strand, London, England ‘BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, North Carolina ‘Vi NeW: SPECIES OF THORNS FROM. THE SOUTHEASTERN: STATES. II VIRIDES Ripe fruit red, or at least with ruddy cheeks Leaves ovate-lanceolate, elliptic or obovate, either nar- rowed or contracted at the base Leaves coarsely and irregularly serrate, often with blunt or acute shallow lobes Iueaves ample, 2-4" wide . i. ....25%. C, viridis 1 Leaves (exclusive of the shoots) 1-2°™ wide: twigs SUSY SOILD ae ra I natal ys ee aa C. paludosa Sarg.? - Leaves all sharply serrate and incisely lobed ’ Inflorescence pilose-pubescent : terminal leaves of the shoots broadly ovate with broad, rounded SI ema Ge MOASES) or wl alow Joyivs sade eco. toe 1a.) ve C. subviridis Inflorescence glabrous: terminal leaves of the shoots broadly ovate, mostly with broad, abruptly contracted at the base: fruit yellowish-green flushed with red, 7-9™™ in diameter ....... C. vulsa Beadle’ Mipeetrnit pright-canary-yellow .°. 10.0. 106 se ae ss C, brazoria Sarg. Crategus subviridis n. sp. A tree 6-8™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 24™ in diameter covered with gray, fissured bark, dividing 1-3™ above the ground into several ascending or spreading branches, forming an oval, usually compact, symmetrical head; or often a large much- branched shrub with one or more stems: leaves ovate, obovate or oval, the blades 2.5-6°™ long, 1-4°™ wide, or larger on leading shoots, acute or acuminate, rarely rounded at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base, or on the shoots rounded or truncate ; they are nearly glabrous on the upper surface at the time of unfolding, or with some conspicuous pubescence along the midrib _and in the groove of the petioles, pale beneath and bearing large tufts of white hairs in the axils of the prominent ascending veins, 1 Sp. Pl. 476, 1753. 2 Ineditus. 3 B. B. Studies 1:39, 1901. 4 Bot. Gaz. BL: 233, 1901. Issued April 30, 1902. (51) 52 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES at maturity firm in texture, glabrous or glabrate, the borders ser- rate and incisely lobed: petioles 1-2.5° long, margined: flowers 12-15™™ wide, expanding about the first of April and when the - leaves are nearly grown; they are bcrne in compound many- flowered, pilose-pubescent corymbs, the lower branches of which are axillary: pedicels and hypanthium sparsely pilose: sepals 3-4™m long, narrowly lanceolate, entire or minutely serrate, pubes- cent on the inner surface, at least at flowering time: stamens normally 20, 4-6™™ long: fruit globose, 5-7™™ in diameter: nut- lets 3-5, about 5™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane and the © back either smooth or with shallow grooves: hypostyle three- fourths as long as the ventral angle. Crategus subviridis was found in low woods and bordering watercourses near Chattahoochee, Florida (type locality), in which region the species is not uncommon. The type material, consisting of flowers (42076) and fruit (420767) from the same tree, is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus interior n. sp. A small tree about 5™ tall with a trunk 1-2¢™ in diameter, dividing 1-2™ from the base, the ascending branches forming an oval, symmetrical crown, or frequently a large, much-branched shrub: bark dark gray or brownish, flaky; of the branches smooth, the growth of the season glabrous, reddish-brown marked by small pale lenticels: spines stout, 1-3°™ long on the smaller branches, chestnut-brown or gray: leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, the blades 2-6™ long, 1-4°™ wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded or abruptly contracted at the base; they are pubescent on the upper surface along the midrib and largest veins and in the groove of the petiole at the time of unfolding, and on the lower surface bear tufts of pale hairs in the axils of the veins, becoming in age glabrous or glabrate, the borders serrate and deeply incised: petioles 5™™—2.5°™ long, margined: flowers about 15™m wide, appearing when the leaves are nearly grown and expanding during the last of April or first of May; they are borne in compound, many-flowered, glabrous corymbs, the lower branches of which arise from the axils of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 2-3.5™™ long, entire or slightly ser- BILTMORE ‘BOTANICAL. STUDIES 53 rate: stamens normally 20, the anthers yellow: fruit globose, bright red at maturity, 7-8™™ in diameter: nutlets 3-5, about 5™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane, and the back either smooth or slightly ridged: hypostyle occupying about two-thirds of the ventral angle. Crategus interior is abundantly represented in the flat woods near Chatta- nooga, Tennessee (type locality). The type material, flowers (44247) and fruit (44243? =*) from the same tree, is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. SILVICOL Inflorescence and young shoots glabrous ay ha eas OP ee ee, vat YS C. stlvicola Beadle® Inflorescence and young shoots sparsely pubescent . . . . C. emula Crategus emula n. sp. A shrub or small tree 3—5™ tall with a short, slender trunk covered with smooth or slightly fissured and scaly dark gray or brownish bark, the ascending or spreading branches forming an irregular crown: spines 3-5°™ long, chestnut-brown or gray, or frequently larger and compound: leaves broadly ovate, oval or suborbicular, the blades 3-5°™ long, 1.5-4°™ wide, acute at the apex, rounded or contracted at the base, the margins serrate and incised ; they are sparsely pubescent on the upper surface at the time of unfolding, smoother beneath, but showing some short, scattered hairs along the midrib and principal veins, becoming in age glabrous or glabrate: petioles 5™™-1.5°™ long, pubescent, at least when young, margined, glandular: flowers 14-18™™ wide, appearing when the leaves are about half grown, usually about the 20th of April; they are borne in subsimple, 5—10-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium sparsely pubescent: sepals lanceolate, about 4™™ long, glandular-serrate or pectinately-glan- dular: stamens normally Io, rarely 12, the anthers purple: fruit, which ripens and falls early in September, globose or subglobose, Io-13™™ in diameter, red at maturity, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, 5-7™m long, the lateral surfaces plane and the back either smooth or shallowly grooved and ridged: hypostyle about two-thirds as long as the ventral angle. Crategus emula is distributed throughout the extreme northwestern por- tion of the state of Georgia, especially at Rome (type locality), where the species 5 Bot. Gaz. 28 : 414, 1899. 54 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES is common in the flat woods and valley of Horse-leg creek, extending westward across the state of Alabama to eastern Mississippi, and is likely to exist in por- tions of middle and eastern Tennessee. Evidently a connecting link between C. silvicola Beadle |.c. and the punctaT#. Often grows side by side with C, collina Chapm.® and the segregate immediately following, but, like C. szlvicola, is much earlier to blossom. : The type specimens, consisting of flowers (447/28) and fruit (&4748") from the | same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. v PUNCTATAZ Fruit large, at maturity more than 1™ thick Anthers pink: trait 16-255" swiden.) nu miae 66. C. punctata jacam Anthers yellow or almost white: fruit r1-15™™ wide Petioles and leaf-bases glandless or nearly so. . . C. columa Chapm. 1. c. Petioles and leaf-bases conspicuously glandular . C. rigens Fruit not exceeding 1™ in diameter Inflorescence pubescent Anthers white or light yellow: leaves sharply ser- rate and very incisely lobed. . ...... .C. amnicola Anthers pink or purple: leaves serrate and shal- lowly incised! (5. ay) eee Inflorescence glabrous, or with a few weak hairs Leaf-borders sharply serrate and shallowly incised . C. penzta Leaf-borders coarsely serrate and deeply incised . C. margaretta Ashe® Ln C, tues. Crategus rigens n. sp. A small tree 4-6™ tall with a trunk sometimes 24™ in diameter, clothed with dark gray, fissured and scaly bark, or more fre- quently a large, much-branched shrub with one or several stems: spines stout, 2.5-4°™ long, or often larger and compound, chest- nut-brown or gray: leaves obovate, broadly oval or occasionally nearly round, the blades 2-5™ long, 1.5-4°™ wide, mostly pointed at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base into margined, glandular petioles 5™™—2¢™ long, the borders sharply and irregu- larly serrate and occasionally shallowly incised, especially on leading shoots; they are pubescent on both surfaces at the time of unfolding, and particularly on the lower surface along the mid- rib and the 3-5 pairs of ascending, straight veins, either glabrous or glabrate when fully grown, bright green on the upper surface, paler beneath, coriaceous or subcoriaceous in texture, fading in 6 Flora S. U.S. ed. 2, seeaindl suppl. 684, 1892. 7 Hort, Vind. &: 10, 1770. * 8 Jour. E. Mitchell Soc. 1@2 : 72, 1900. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 5D autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: flowers 18-22™m wide, appearing in April and when the leaves are about half grown; they are produced in simple or subsimple, 3-9-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals lanceolate, 4-6™m long, pubescent, glandular: stamens normally 20, the anthers nearly white: fruit, which ripens and falls in August and early September, subglobose or slightly pyriform, g-12™™ thick, red when fully ripe, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, about 8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane and the back usually ridged and grooved: hypostyle occupying two-thirds of the ventral angle. Crategus rigens inhabits woods and banks of streams throughout north- western and central western Georgia to central eastern and northeastern Alabama. ‘The type material, collected at Gadsden, Alabama, and representing flowers (84206) and fruit (2206?) from the same tree, is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus amnicola n. sp. A tree occasionally 8™ tall with a trunk 2-34™ in diameter, clothed with dark gray or reddish-brown, scaly bark: branches spreading or ascending, armed with stout, gray or chestnut-brown spines 3-5“ long, forming a large spreading top: leaves obovate, oval or ovate, the blades 2-6 long, 1.5-4°™ wide, acute at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base into margined, glandless or sparingly glandular petioles 5™™-2-™ long, the margins sharply and irregularly serrate and incised ; they are slightly pubescent at the time of unfolding on the upper surface, especially along the midrib and lower portions of the veins, paler and less pubescent on the lower surface, the hairs being confined to the midrib and veins, together with their axils, becoming firm or subcoriaceous in texture, bright green and glabrous at maturity, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange, red and brown: flowers about 15™™ wide, appearing when the leaves are more than half grown and -usually during the last of April or first of May; they are borne in compound, many-flowered, pubescent corymbs, the lower branches of which are axillary: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 4-5™™ long, glandular or pectinately-glandular: stamens 20, the anthers nearly white: fruit, which ripens in October, sub- globose, 7-10™™ in diameter, red, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane and the back either 56 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES smooth or shallowly grooved and ridged: hypostyle two-thirds the length of the ventral angle. Crategus amnicola is a very handsome, large thorn, and on account of its deep green, ample foliage, symmetrical outline and wealth of flowers and highly colored fruit, is destined to be a favorite in cultivation. The species is abun- dantly represented on river banks and in low woods in eastern Tennessee and adjacent stations in Georgia and Alabama. The type material, collected at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and representing flowers (842379) and fruit (44279? ®*) from the same tree, is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus ingens n. sp. A tree 5-8™ tall with a trunk sometimes 34™ in diameter, branching 2-3™ above ground and forming a large spreading top: bark of the main axis dark gray or brownish, fissured and broken on the surface into numerous plate-like scales ; of the branches: smooth, grayish-brown, the growth of the season at first pubes- cent, becoming glabrous and marked by numerous small pale lenticels: leaves obovate, oval or ovate, the blades 2.5~7°™ long, 1.5-5°™ broad, mostly pointed at the apex, contracted at the base into winged petioles 1-2™ long, the borders serrate or crenate- serrate and shallowly lobed and incised; they are slightly pubes- cent at the time of unfolding, especially on the upper surface and on the midrib and veins beneath, becoming smooth in age or with some persistent pubescence on the lower surface, firm to subcoria- ceous in texture, dark green, fading in autumn with tones of yel- ' low, orange, red and brown: flowers 10-13™™ wide, appearing the latter part of April or first of May and when the leaves are more than half grown; they are produced in compound, many-flowered, pubescent corymbs, the lower branches of which arise from the axils of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals linear-lanceolate, 4-6™™ long, glandular: stamens normally 20, the anthers bright purple: fruit, which ripens in October, globose or subglobose, 7-9™™ wide, red when fully ripe, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane and the back either smooth or shallowly grooved and ridged: hypostyle three-fourths as long as the ventral angle. Crategus ingens frequently develops into a very stocky, spreading tree of - BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 57 remarkable proportions. The species is not uncommon in moist woods and on banks of streams in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia. The type material, which is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, was found at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and represents both flowers (By2};4) and fruit (842347) from the same tree. Crategus penita n. sp. A tree 4-6™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 2.5¢™ in diam- eter, clothed with brownish-gray bark, the stout, ascending or spreading branches forming a wide-spreading crown: young twigs sparsely pubescent, becoming glabrous, marked with pale lenti- cels: leaves broadly obovate, oval or ovate, 2.5-6°™ long, 2-5:™ wide, acute at the apex, contracted or rounded at the base, the borders serrate and shallowly incised ; they are but slightly pubes- cent when young, showing only some fine, soft, white hairs on the upper surface, especially along the midrib, trough of the petiole and lower portions of the veins and in their axils beneath, becom- ing glabrous in age, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, deep green, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™ . 2 Jong, slightly pubescent, at least when young, margined : flowers 15-18™™ wide, appearing during the latter part of April or first of May and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are produced in compound, usually many-flowered glabrous or gla- brate corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous or bearing a few weak hairs: sepals triangular-lanceolate, 3-5™™ long, glandu- lar-serrate or entire, reflexed after anthesis: stamens about 20, the anthers faintly pink or almost white: fruit, which ripens in Octo- ber, globose or depressed-globose, 8-10o™™ wide, red at maturity, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane and the back either smooth or slightly ridged and grooved, the hypostyle occupying two-thirds of the ventral angle. Crategus penita is abundantly represented in southeastern Tennessee, growing in low woods and on the banks of streams, and is most likely to occur in similar situations in adjacent Georgia and Alabama. The type material, collected at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and representing flowers (44277) and fruit (242777) from the same tree, is preserved in the Bilt- more Herbarium. At this station are numerous examples of this thorn, the largest of them with the aspect of well developed apple trees. The broad, bright but deep green leaves, symmetrical, spreading crown and size of trunk, present characters that commend this species to planters and horticulturists. 58 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES BOYNTONIANE Pomes globose, or nearly so Anthers yellow: sepals without stalked glands . . . C. boyntoni Beadle ® Anthers purplish: sepals with stalked glands Large shrub or small tree: nutlets 7.5-9™™ long . C. buckleyt Beadle ° Low, shrub: nutlets\smaller 3) Va. eee C. communis Pomes pyriform Fruit yellow or greenish yellow .......... C. straminea Beadle! Fruit ted. | 25 ie! ge eo a eee era es ee C. rubella Beadle” Crategus communis n. sp. A shrub 1-2™ tall, frequently growing in clumps or patches of considerable area. Branches armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1.5-4°™ long, the bark gray, tinged with brown, or the growth of the season reddish-brown, marked with small pale lenti- cels: leaves ovate, oval or broadly oval, 2-5.5°™ long, exclusive of the petiole, 1.5-4°™ wide, acutely or bluntly pointed at the apex, rounded or contracted at the base and prolonged into mar- gined, glandular petioles 5™™-2-™ long, the borders serrate and incised, usually bearing at the base a few stalked glands; they are glabrous at maturity, but at the time of unfolding display some slight pubescence on the upper surface, especially along the mid- rib and bases of the largest veins, thin to firm in texture, yellow- ish-green, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: flowers I5-20™m wide, expanding early in May and when the leaves are almost or quite developed ; they are borne in simple, 2—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets of the present season’s growth: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals triangular lanceolate, 4—6™m Jong, serrate and glandular: stamens 10, the anthers pale purple or nearly white: ‘fruit, which ripens in late September, globose or subglobose, g—13™™ in diameter, red when ripe, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, 6-7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane and the back grooved and ridged: hypostyle about 3™™ long. Crategus communis grows on the limestone formation of the Cumberland Mountains, near Cowan (type locality), Franklin county, Tennessee. The original specimens (47267 and /4zgor) are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. 2 Bot. Gaz. 28 : 409, 1899. 10 B. B. Studies H:25, 1901. 11 Bot. Gaz. 3@: 345, 1900. 12 Bot. Gaz. 3O: 344, Ig00. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 59 SARGENTIANZ Mature fruit yellow, orange-yellow or green, sometimes cheeked with red Ripe pomes often 1° or more in diameter Leaves acuminate: sepals long and broad. . . . C. sargenti Beadle Leaves acute: sepals short and narrow Fruit subglobose or oval ......... .C. pallens Beadle“ PROC RPP ABEe tee ae taki lS nv ale a eG String Ripe pomes smaller Anthers pale purple: leaf-blades elongated . . . C. gilva Anthers dark purple: leaf-blades not conspicu- SiSeyy CLONSAkeCh af. 2a 5 Sd as as we Sh ww OC. COREE Mature fruit red or ruddy Ripe pomes oval or pyriform Beeiere or more thick .-...°2) . « sista wie « 6. wenusta. Beadle 1 RE EMERGE tye 4 he gS ok sa han on ak Gn ABLES. Ripe pomes globose or nearly so Leaves incised or incisely lobed Flowers 20-25™™ wide, anthers yellow: leaves acuminate . . Ce eeAt Mg Sng mg Ox Cmmnaae. Flowers smaller: anthers purplish Fruit I10o-13™™ in diameter Fruit depressed: leaves shallowly in- Bier ene Mera fete ats eC cecta Beadle Fruit not depressed eaves deeply vimeised 3)... 2 Ci. aeneisa Leaves shallowy incised .... . .C. alma Fruit smaller Anthers pale purple: fruiting pedicels 1-2™ long’. . et NP ae ies Beneterum: Beadle Anthers dark purple: fruiting pedicels MGI SEGRE ee | abrir RMR ha es C. macilenta Leaves slightly if at all incised ....... .C. mendosa Crategus austrina n. sp. A small tree 4-6™ tall with a short trunk 1-24™ in diameter, covered with dark gray or brownish scaly bark, or oftener a large, much-branched shrub with one or more stems: spines stout, 2-4 long, chestnut-brown or gray: leaves ovate, oval or oblong- oval, 2-5 long exclusive of the petioles, 1-4°™ wide, or even 13 Bot. Gaz. 28 : 407, 1899. 14 B. B. Studies & : 27, Igor. 15 Bot. Gaz. ZO: 338, I900. 16 B. B. Studies 1X: 26, rgor. 17 Bot. Gaz. ZO : 343, 1900. 60 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES larger on leading shoots, pointed at the apex, rounded or con- tracted at the base, or on vigorous shoots sometimes truncate, the borders serrate and incised; they are glabrous, or when young display a few weak hairs on the upper surface of the midrib and bases of the largest veins, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, green or yellow-green, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles margined, 5-15™™ long, glandular: flowers 15-18™™ wide, produced in simple, 5—8-flowered corymbs and expanding early in April and when the leaves are about half grown: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 3-4™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens normally 20, the anthers small, bright purple: fruit, which ripens and falls in October, globose, about 1°™ in diameter, green or greenish-yellow at maturity, the flesh firm.: nutlets 3-5, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces plane and the back ridged and grooved: hypostyle 4™™ long. Crategus austrina is abundantly represented in the region about Green- ville, Alabama (type locality), growing on wooded slopes in clay soil. The type specimens, representing flowers (42757) and fruit (27577) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus | gilva n. sp. A shrub 1-5™ tall with dark gray scaly bark and spreading branches which are sometimes armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 2-4°™ long: leaves elliptic, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-7 long exclusive of the petioles, 1.5-5°™ wide, acute or acumi- nate at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the borders serrate and incised; they are glabrous when fully grown, but when unfolding bear a few weak hairs on the upper side along the midrib, thin to firm in texture, dark green, fading with tones of yellow, orange, red and brown: petioles 1-2.5°™ long, mar- gined, often glandular: flowers 15-20™™ wide, expanding early in May and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are dis- posed in simple, glandular-bracteate, 3-7-flowered corymbs: pedi- cels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals about 4™™ long, glandular- serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers pale purple: fruit, which ripens and falls in September and October, subglobose or short-pyriform, 6-8™™ wide, at maturity yellow or greenish-yellow, rarely with a flushed cheek, the flesh firm: nut- BILI MORE BOTANICAL SFUDIES 61 lets 3-5, about 5™™ long, the lateral surfaces plane: hypostyle about 2™™ long. Crategus gilva inhabits the rocky woods, banks and glades of Marshall county, Alabama, and is common a few miles from Albertville, where the origi- nal specimens were collected. The type, representing flowers (74374) and fruit (4z77¢’) from the same shrub, is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus contrita n. sp. A tree sometimes 6—7™ tall with a trunk sometimes 1-24™ in diameter, covered with ashy gray or brownish scaly bark, or more frequently a large shrub with spreading branches: spines stout, I-2.5™ long, chestnut-brown or gray: leaves ovate, oval or oblong, rarely short-obovate or suborbicular, the blades 2-5«™ long, 1.5-5°™ wide, acute or bluntly terminated at the apex, rounded or contracted at the base, the borders serrate and incised ; they are glabrous at maturity, but at the time of unfolding bear a few white hairs along the midrib and lower portions of the largest veins on the upper surface, firm in texture, green or yellow- green, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5mm_2em long, margined: flowers 12-17™™ wide, opening during the last of March or early in April and when the leaves are about half grown; they are produced in simple glandular-bracteate, 3-7-flowered corymbs and terminate short, leafy shoots of the present season’s growth: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 3—-5™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: sta- mens 20, the anthers dark purple: fruit, which ripens and falls in September and October, subglobose, 7-9™™ in diameter, yellow- green or orange at maturity, often with ruddy cheeks, the flesh firm: nutlets 2-3, rarely 3-5, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane and the back grooved and ridged: hypostyle occupy- ing a trifle more than half of the ventral angle. Crategus contrita is common in dry woods and uplands near River Junc- tion, Florida (type locality), and is also represented from stations in southwestern Georgia. The type material, representing flowers (42078) and fruit (420787), is pre- © served in the Biltmore Herbarium. 62 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Crategus inanis n. sp. A shrub 2-4™ tall with dark gray or brownish-black, smooth or scaly bark: branches, which are armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines, spreading or ascending, the bark gray or reddish- brown, that of the young shoots marked by small pale lenticels : leaves ovate, broadly ovate or oval, sometimes suborbicular in outline, 2-5°™ long exclusive of the petioles, 1.5-5°™ wide, acute or short-pointed at the apex, rounded or abruptly contracted at the base, the borders serrate and incised; they are glabrous at ma- turity, but at the time of unfolding bear a few weak hairs on the upper side of the midrib, thin to firm in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of red, yellow and brown: petioles 1-2 long, winged: flowers 14-18™™ in diameter, expanding early in May and when the leaves are nearly grown; they are produced in 3-6-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 3-4™™ long, serrate and glandular near the apex, reflexed after anthesis: stamens normally 20, the anthers yellow: fruit, which ripens and falls in October, short-oval or slightly pyriform, 6-8™™ wide, red or ruddy at maturity, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane and the back ridged and grooved: hypostyle occupying about half of the ventral angle. Crategus inants frequents the rocky woods and glades of Marshall county, Alabama, where, a few miles from Albertville (type locality), the species is not uncommon. The type material, representing flowers (#43706) and fruit (/7¢706") from the same plant, is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus eximia n. sp. A shrub 2-4™ tall with dark gray scaly bark and spreading branches which are armed with stout, chestnut-brown or gray spines 3-7 long: leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate, the blades 3-8 long, 2-6¢™ wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded or contracted, or on leading shoots sometimes truncate at the base, the borders serrate and incised; they are glabrous soon after the time of unfolding, firm in texture, bright green, fading ‘in autumn with tones of yellow, orange, red and brown: flowers 2-2.5°" broad, opening from the middle to the last of May and BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 63 when the leaves are fully grown; they are produced in simple, glandular-bracteate, 3—6-tlowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels 1-2°™ long, glabrous, as is the hypan- thium: sepals 5-6™™ long, glandular serrate, reflexed after anthe- sis : stamens 20, the anthers yellow: fruit, which ripens in October, globose, 8-12™™ wide, red at maturity, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, 6-7m™m long, the lateral surfaces plane: hypostyle about 3™™ long. Crategus eximia is a most beautiful thorn, especially noteworthy on account of the large foliage and flowers and its bright red fruit. Common in rocky glades on Sand Mountain, near Pisgah, Jackson County, Alabama (type locality). | The original specimens, flowers (48) and fruit (475248) from the same shrub, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus ancisa n. sp. A small tree 4-5™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 1-1.52™ in diameter, clothed with dark gray scaly bark, but more frequently a much-branched shrub with ascending or spreading branches which are sometimes armed with spines 3—5°™ long: leaves ovate or oval, 2.5-6° long exclusive of the petioles, 1.5—-5°™ wide, acute at the apex, contracted or rounded, or on leading shoots truncate at the base, the borders serrate and deeply incised; they are gla- brous at the time of unfolding, except for a few weak, deciduous hairs along the midrib and largest veins on the upper surface, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 1-3°™ long, margined, re- motely glandular: flowers 15-20™™ wide, expanding during the latter part of April and when the leaves are about half grown ; they are disposed in simple, glandular-bracteate, 3-6-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets of the present season’s growth: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 3—4™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers pale purple: fruit, which ripens in October, globose or subglobose, 10-12™™ in diameter, at maturity red or ruddy, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, 6-7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle occupying about two-thirds of the ventral angle. Crategus ancisa frequents hillsides and upland woods and is distributed from Meridian, Mississippi (type locality), to central and eastern Alabama. The type material (//5092) is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. 64 BILTMORE BOTANICAL SiUDIZS Crategus alma n. sp. A shrub 2-4™ tall with dark gray, either smooth or scaly bark and spreading or ascending branches which are sometimes armed with spines 2-3™ long: leaves ovate, oval or obovate, the blades *2-6™ long, 1.5-4°™ wide, pointed at the apex, either rounded, contracted or narrowed at the base, the borders serrate and incised ; they are glabrous, firm in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 1-2 long, margined: flowers 15-20™™ wide, opening from the middle to the last of April; they are produced in glabrous, glandular-bracteate, 3-7-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals glandular-serrate or subentire, about 4™™ long, reflexed after anthesis: fruit, which ripens in October, subglobose, 1o-12™™ in diameter, red when fully ripe, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, 7-8™m long, the lateral surfaces plane: hypostyle about half the length of the nutlet. Crategus alma was discovered on the gravelly hills near Meridian, Missis- sippi (type locality), and is abundantly represented in that region. The type material (5747) is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus macilenta n. sp. A shrub 3—5™ tall with dark gray, either smooth or scaly bark and ascending or spreading branches which are sometimes armed with spines 2-4 long: leaves ovate, oval or obovate, the blades 2-6 long, 2-5°™ wide, acute at the apex, rounded or contracted at the base, the borders serrate and incised; they are glabrous, at least when fully grown, thin to firm in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, red and brown: petioles 1-2.5°™ long, margined, usually bearing a few small glands: flow- ers 15-18™™ wide, opening early in May and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are disposed in simple, 3~7-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels 5™™_1em long, glabrous, as is the hypanthium: sepals about 4™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers dark purple: fruit, which ripens and falls in September and October, globose or subglobose, 7-g™™ in diameter, red when fully ripe, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, 5-6™™ long: the lateral sur- Sr aa ey ee ee er eee ee LT BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 65 faces nearly plane: hypostyle a little less than half the length of the ventral angle. Crategus macilenta grows in rocky woods and glades near Albertville, Marshall county, Alabama (type locality). The type specimens, consisting of flowers (//z287) and fruit (5207) from the same shrub, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus mendosa n. sp. A shrub or small tree 3—-6™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 1-1.54™ in diameter covered with dark gray scaly bark, the branches spreading or ascending, sometimes armed with chest- nut-brown or gray spines 2-5 long: leaves oval, ovate or elliptic, occasionally ovate-lanceolate or slightly oblanceolate, the blades 3-6 long, 1.5-4.5°™ wide, bluntly pointed or even rounded at the apex, rounded or contracted at the base, the borders serrate, rarely very shallowly and bluntly incised; they are glabrous, or at the time of unfolding bear a few weak caducous hairs along the midrib on the upper surface, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, red and brown: petioles 1—3.5°™ long, winged, remotely glandular: flowers 15- 18mm wide, expanding early in May and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are produced in simple, 3-6-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets of the present season’s growth: pedicels 1™ or less long, glabrous, as is the hypanthium: sepals 3-4™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens about 20, the anthers very faintly tinged with purple: fruit, which ripens and falls in October, globose or sub- globose, 8-10™™ in diameter, red at maturity, the flesh firm: nut- lets 3-5, 5-6™™ long, 3-4™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 3™™ long. Crategus mendosa has been found in rocky woods and glades in Marshall county, Alabama, where, near Albertville (type locality), it isabundant. Speci- mens of this most distinct species were first collected in July, 1899, but ripe and perfect fruiting specimens were not available until the autumn of 1901, owing mainly to the attacks of a species of fungus which affected the ripening of the pomes. The type material, consisting of flowers (//4776) and fruit (75279) from the same tree, is deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium. 66 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES PULCHERRIM = Fruit oval at maturity, the flesh attenuate with the pedicel Anthers dark: leaf-blade elongated Pruit’6-3"™" long ive, Jae ee eee C. pulcherrima Ashe'® Prov to-92™" lenge | yuh) Gee « sail ay Ge Ree ase, Anthers light: leaf-blade cheek Rs He se ere nee Stes Fruit globose or nearly so, the flesh not attenuate with she pedicel Leaves more than 2™ wide Leaf-blades conspicuously elongated, 5-8™ long. . C. zuczl¢s Beadle 9 Leaf-blades shorter Pomes depressed-globose: leaves 3-5°™ broad . C. zllustris Pomes not depressed: leaves narrower Anthers. dark purple... . ..... 9 3. . ©, efime Beadle Anthers pale purple Leaf-borders with round, usually sharp- pointed lobes.) i...) <<) “Gieo> Ree esse Leaf-borders with acute isbes Riper See 0 75 Leaves (exclusive of the shoots) mostly less than 2 WIGS: aE) sc ARS eR a eee rae os: ay .Cheonemnn Crategus abstrusa n. sp. A shrub or small tree 2-5™ tall with a slender trunk clothed with gray or brownish scaly bark, the spreading or ascending branches sometimes armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-3*™ long: leaves oval, ovate, obovate or orbicular, the blades 2-4.5° long, 1.5-3.5°@ broad, obtuse or slightly pointed at the apex, contracted at the base, the borders serrate and with shal- low, rounded, lobe-like incisions; they are glabrous, or when young bear a few pale, deciduous hairs along the midrib and lower portions of the largest veins on the upper surface, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™-2-™ long, mar- gined, remotely glandular: flowers 15-20™™ wide, opening the last of March or early in April and when the leaves are more than half grown; they are disposed in glandular-bracteate, sim- ple, 3-7-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets of the present season’s growth: pedicels 5—-12™™ long, glabrous, as is the hypanthium: sepals triangular-lanceolate, 3-4™™ long, 18 Journ. E. Mitchell Soc. 1@2 : 77, 1900. 19 B. B. Studies XK: 41, Igo1. 20 B. B. Studies & : 40, Igor. SS EEE. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDI/ES 67 serrate or entire, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers dark purple: fruit, which ripens and falls in September and October, oval or short-pyriform, 7-g™™ thick, 1o-12™™ long, the flesh firm: nutlets usually 2-3, rarely more, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle occupying about half of the ventral angle. Crategus abstrusa grows in woods, mostly in sandy soil, near Tallahassee, Florida (type locality). The original specimens, representing flowers (4059) and fruit (44958) from the same individual, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus lenis n. sp. A shrub or small tree 2-6™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 1-1.5¢m in diameter clothed with dark gray or brownish scaly bark, or frequently with several stems from the base, the spread- ing and ascending branches forming an oval or irregular, open crown: leaves ovate, oval or suborbicular, the blades 1.5—-5:™ long, 1.5-5°™ wide, mostly pointed at the apex, rounded or con- tracted or on leading shoots truncate or subcordate at the base, the borders serrate and incisely lobed; they are glabrous, or when young with a few, weak, caducous hairs along the midrib and lower portions of the veins on the upper surface, thin to firm in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow and brown: petioles 7™™-2-m long, margined, remotely glandular: flowers 15-18™™ wide, expanding about the middle of April and when the leaves are more than half grown; they are produced in simple, glandular-bracteate, 3-7-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypan- thium glabrous: sepals triangular-lanceolate, serrate or nearly entire, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers nearly yellow: fruit, which ripens in October, oval or sub-pyriform, 6-8™™ thick, 8-11™™ long, at maturity red or ruddy, the flesh firm: nutlets 2-3, rarely more, 5-6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about half the length of the nutlet. Crategus lenis grows on wooded slopes, mostly in clay soil, near Greenville, Alabama (type locality ). The type specimens, which represent flowers (42757) and fruit ( 2275377) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. 68 BILIMORE BOTANICAL SIUDIES Crategus illustris n. sp. A small tree- or large shrub 3—6™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 1-1.59™ in diameter clothed with scaly, rough bark of a dark gray or brownish color, the ascending or: spreading branches forming a symmetrical. open crown: leaves broadly ovate or oval, 3-5°™ long exclusive of the petioles, 2.5—5°™ wide, acute or obtusely pointed at the apex, rounded at the base, the borders serrate and mostly with rounded, lobe-like incisions ; they are glabrous, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: peti- oles 1-2.5°™ long, margined: flowers 14-18™™ wide, expanding the latter part of April and when the leaves are two-thirds grown ; they are produced in simple, 3-6-flowered corymbs which termi- nate short leafy branchlets: pedicels glabrous, 7-13™™ long: hy- panthium glabrous: sepals triangular-lanceolate, about 3™™ long, serrate or nearly entire, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 15-20, the anthers dark purple: fruit, which ripens in October, de- pressed-globose, about 1° in diameter, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, 6-7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about half the length of the nutlet. Crategus tllustris is a remarkable species both on account of its ample, very broad leaves and its peculiar, depressed fruit. The original specimens (44200 and A200"), which are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, are from a tree found growing on a gravelly hill near Meridian, Mississippi. Crategus assimilis n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 3—6™ tall sometimes with a trunk 1-1.54m in diameter covered with dark gray or brownish scaly bark, the ascending or spreading branches occasionally armed with stout spines 1-2.5°™ long: leaves ovate or oval, the blades 2-5°™ long, 1.5-4°™ wide, acute at the apex, contracted or rounded at the base, the borders serrate and with rounded, lobe-like in- cisions; they are glabrous, or at the time of unfolding bear a few weak hairs along the midrib on the upper surface, firm in texture, deep green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 7™™_2-m long, margined: flowers 15-18™™ wide, opening early in April and when the leaves are about two- BILIMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 69 thirds grown; they are produced in simple, 3—6-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals triangular-lanceolate, 3-4™™ long, serrate or nearly entire, reflexed after anthesis: stamens normally 20, the anthers pale purple: fruit, which ripens in September and Octo- ber, globose, 7~9™™ wide, the flesh firm: nutlets 3—5, about 6mm long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle occupying a trifle more than half the ventral angle. Crategus assimilis frequents the hills and dry woods near Chattahoochee, Florida (type locality ), and has been found in similar situations lower down the . Apalachicola river. The type specimens, consisting of flowers (4096) and fruit (44962) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, Crategus robur n. sp. A tree sometimes 7—8™ tall with a trunk 1-1.54™ in diameter clothed with gray or brownish scaly bark, or more often a large, much-branched shrub with one or more stems, the ascending or spreading branches sometimes armed with stout spines 2-3™ long: leaves ovate, oval or short-obovate, the blades 3—6°™ long, 1.5-4°m wide, or even broader on leading shoots, acute at the apex, narrowed or contracted, or on vigorous shoots rounded or sub- truncate at the base, the borders serrate and incisely lobed or acutely cleft; they are glabrous, thin to firm in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 7™™_2.5°™ long, margined: flowers 15-18™™ wide, open- ing the last of March or early in April and when the leaves are about two-thirds grown; they are borne in simple or subsimple, 3-10-flowered, glandular-bracteate, glabrous corymbs: . pedicels and hypanthium glabrous, the former 1-2“ long: sepals lanceo- late, 3-4™™ long, entire or sparingly serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens normally 20, the anthers pale purple: fruit, which ripens in September and October, subglobose, 7-9g™™ wide, the flesh firm: nutlets 3—5, 5-6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 4™™ long. Crategus robur has been found abundantly distributed in the woods and borders of fields near Tallahassee, Florida (type locality), and in similar situations in the same general region. The type material, flowers (42057) and fruit (42051’) from the same tree, is deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium. 70 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Crategus concinna n. sp. A shrub 2-4™ tall, the main axis clothed with dark gray scaly bark: branches long, horizontal or ascending, sometimes armed with ‘stout spines 1-3 long: leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong or elliptic, those of the shoots ovate, 2-5°™ long exclusive of the petioles, 7™™-2°™ wide, or on the shoots 3-4 wide, acute or bluntly pointed at the apex, narrowed or contracted or on leading shoots rounded at the base, the borders serrate and more or less incised, the lobes or incisions rounded, or on the largest leaves, acutely notched; they are glabrous, or at the time of unfolding bear a few weak hairs near the base of the midrib on the upper surface, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, green or yellow-green, fading with tones of yellow, brown and red: petioles 5m™m—gcem long, margined: flowers 15-18™™ wide, expanding the last of March or early in April and when the leaves are about half grown; they are produced in simple, glandular-bracteate, 3—6-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals triangular-lanceolate, mostly serrate, 3-4™m long, reflexed after anthesis: stamens normally 20, the anthers purple: fruit, which matures in September and October, subglobose, 7-8™™ thick, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, about 5™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about half the length of the ventral angle. Crategus concinna was found in woods and on the margins of swamps in western Florida, especially near Bristol (type locality) and Mariana. The type specimens, flowers (ozo) and fruit (¢gzz) from the same shrub, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. FLAV/E Stamens 10 EUFLAV# Fruit pyriform or globular-pyriform Leaves dentate or crenate-dentate. ..... C. flava Aiton”! Leaves very sharply serrate and incisely lobed. C. alleghaniensis Beadle™ Fruit globose Leaves setrate: anthers purple... 1... =. - C. frugiferens Beadle * Leaves dentate or crenate-dentate: anthers yellow’ ..9.5-5 3a pie cg tiss Rei ete? eee ne C. aprica Beadle *4 21 Hort. Kew. 2: 169, 1789. 22 Bot. Gaz. ZO : 337, Ig00. 23 B. B. Studies X : 30, Igor. 24 Bot. Gaz. 3O : 335, 1900. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 71 Stamens more numerous ; Flowers produced in few, mostly 5-7-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypan- thium pubescent or glabrous (densely white-tomentose in one species of the Visendze): leaves serrate, dentate or crenate, either pubescent or glabrous: branches spreading or ascendding, or occasionally droop- ing, as in the Visende Leaves sharply serrate and pointed IGNAVz Leaves serrate or coarsely and irregularly dentate Sorori# Leaves crenate SEGNES.... Mik Btn a Cee ES, eddie Leaves finely dentate or etait dentate, usually eiih several tooth-like lobes VISENDZ Flowers produced in few, mostly 3-5-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypan- thium tomentcse or pubescent (glabrous or nearly so in the Attritz) : leaves dentate, crenate or entire (occasionally serrate, as in the Sentz), either tomentose, pubescent or glabrous: branches drooping Fruits globose, subglobose or oval at maturity Ripe pomes averaging 1° or more in diameter Leaf borders glandular, either entire, dentate or crenate, often with blunt or sharp tooth-like lobes Inflorescence tomentose or pubescent Mature leaves densely tomentose on the lower surface MICHAUXIANZ Mature leaves less tomentose, sometimes merely pubescent or glabrous Leaf-borders entire or nearly so INTEGRA Leaf-borders toothed and often lobed DENTaTz Inflorescence glabrous or with a few weak hairs ATTRIT& Leaves serrate or serrate-dentate and incisely lobed SENnT& Ripe pomes averaging less than 1°™ in diameter ANISOPHYLLZ& Fruit pyriform at maturity 7 Pomes large, 1.5-2°" long and over 1™ thick » COLONIC Pomes smaller REcURVz Flowers solitary or in twos and threes (more numerous in one species) : pedi- cels and hypanthium glabrous or pubescent: leaves small, cuneate or spatulate, or sometimes with abruptly contracted bases: spines usually numerous LEPID& IGNAVZ Inflorescence glabrous or with a few weak hairs Fruit subglobose or oval Spines 2-3.5°™ long: anthers purple. ....... .C. zgmava Beadle*® Spines 3.5-5°™ long: anthers yellow. ....... .C. impar Bren pytiliorml... . . ies mig k he it What Blea Lk! ee “Chap OO ERE ss Inflorescence decidedly Bin ascant. ee Te tae ee eg ON Ll eg!) 25 B. B. Studies X : 32, 1gor. 26 B. B. Studies K :31, 1901. 72 BILTMORE BOTANICAL SFUDIES Crategus impar n. sp. A large shrub 2-4™ tall with many stems and spreading or ascending branches, the largest of which are clothed with dark gray or brownish, rough or scaly bark: spines stout, chestnut- * brown or gray, 2-5°™ long: leaves obovate or oval, or on leading shoots, broadly ovate, the blades 2—-5°™ long, 1.5-4°™ wide, acute at the apex, narrowed or contracted, or on the shoots sometimes rounded at the base, the borders sharply serrate and incised; they are glabrous, or at the time of unfolding bear a few weak hairs on — the base of the midrib on the upper surface, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, deep green, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 7™™-2°™ long, margined, glandular or remotely glandular: flowers 15-18™™ wide, opening early in May and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are disposed in simple, 3-6-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous or with several weak hairs: sepals 4-5™™ long, serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens vary- ing in number, usually 12-15, the anthers nearly yellow: fruit, which ripens and falls in September and October, oval, 1o-13™™ thick, red at maturity: nutlets mostly 2-3, 8-ro™™ long, 4-5™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypo- style about half the length of the nutlet. Crategus itmpar is abundant on a hillside, in clay soil, at Marietta, Georgia (type locality). The original specimens, representing flowers (44288) and fruit (#4288) from the same individual, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus agrestina n. sp. A small tree 4-5™ tall with a short trunk covered with dark gray or brownish bark, the spreading or ascending branches some- times armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 2—3.5°™ long ; or more frequently a large shrub with one or more stems: leaves ovate, oval or obovate, the blades 2-5°™ long, 1-3.5°™ wide, acute at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the borders sharply serrate and incised; they are glabrous at maturity, and when young bear some pubescence on both surfaces, especially along the lower portions of the midrib and largest veins or in their axils, bright or yellow-green, thin to firm in texture, fading BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 73 with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5™™~2°m long, margined, sometimes glandular: flowers 15-18™™ wide, expanding about the middle of April and when the leaves are about one- fourth grown ; they are produced in simple, glandular-bracteate, 3-5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels 5™™-1¢™ long, sparsely pubescent ; hypanthium glabrous or with a few weak hairs at the base: sepals 3-4™™ long, glandu- lar, reflexed after anthesis: stamens about 20, the anthers nearly yellow: fruit, which ripens and falls the last of September or early in October, pyriform, 7-g™™ thick, g-12™™ long, red at ma- turity: nutlets mostly 2-3, 5-6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle a trifle less than half the length of the nutlet. Crategus agrestina grows in open woods and fields, or borders the swamps near Evergreen, Alabama (type locality). The original specimens (42050 and 873767) are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus extraria n. sp. A large shrub 2-4™ tall, usually with several stems, clothed with dark gray or brownish, rough or scaly bark, the spreading or ascending branches freely armed with stout chestnut-brown or gray spines 3—5°™ long: leaves oval, obovate, or on leading shoots, ovate or suborbicular, the blades 2—-5°™ long, 1.5-4°™ wide, acute at the apex, narrowed or contracted, or on the shoots rounded at the base, the borders sharply serrate and incised; they are gla- brous, or when young bear a few weak hairs on the upper surface on the lower portion of the midrib and bases of the principal veins, firm, to subcoriaceous in texture, bright but deep green, fading with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 7™™—2-™ long, margined, glandular: flowers 16-20™ wide, expanding early in May and when the leaves are three-fourths grown; they are disposed in simple, 3~5-flowered, glandular-bracteate corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium pilose-pubescent: sepals 4-5™™ long, usually glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens usually 12-15, the anthers pale purple: fruit which ripens and falls in September and October, subglobose or oval, g-12™™ thick, red at maturity: nutlets mostly 74 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 2-3, 8-10™ long, 4-5™™" measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long. Crategus extrarta grows on hillsides, mostly in red clay soil, at Marietta, Georgia (type locality ). : The original specimens, representing flowers (4285) and fruit (B¢285”) from the same shrub, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. SORORIZ Leaves longer than broad Anthers yellow, white or cream-color Pomes about 1™ or more in diameter Fruit yellow and red, or orange-red with ruddy cheeks 2+: ‘¢.¥aux ~ i: (Cosororge tienes Fruit deep or bright red p Pedicels short, pubescent, at least at flow- ering “time: 5. + Sie eee . «. « C. galbana Pedicels 1° or more long, white-tomentose . C. abdita Pomes 5-8™™ in diameter dP A IR Ser ene ie meee Anthers purple or purplish Infloréscence pubescent or slightly tomentose : leaves suborbicular, slightly pointed Cavity 3-4™™ wide: pomes 9-12™™ in diameter. C. consanguinea Beadle* Cavity 4-6™™ wide: pomes 12-15™™ in diameter ..05 (0 \A. 6° ate a ee ee eee Inflorescence glabrous: leaves more elongated, acutely pointed and with several tooth- like; 1ObeS 35). eRe ey ae C, limata Leaves broadet than long. . 3.04) ok Di ee eee Crategus galbana n. sp. A small tree 5—6™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 1-1.59™ in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish-black bark ; or more frequently a large shrub with one or more stems: branches spreading, crooked, frequently armed with stout, chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-2" long: leaves oval, obovate or round-ovate, the blades 1-4°™ long, 1-3°™ wide, acute or rounded at the apex, rounded or contracted at the base, the margins irregularly den- tate; they are glabrous at maturity, and when young show some pubescence along the midrib and veins on both surfaces, and especially near the base of the blade above and in the axils of the 27 Bot. Gaz. 3O: 336, 1900. 28 B. B. Studies X : 34, Igor. <—Sv- tt ete EE 5 er or ae ee ra ‘a BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 75 lower veins beneath, yellow-green, becoming darker in age, firm in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 7™™_2°™ long, margined, glandular, more or less pubescent when young: flowers 15-20™™ wide, expanding early in April and when the leaves are about half grown; they are borne in simple, 1-5-flowered corymbs which terminate very short, leafy branchlets: pedicels short, ike the hypanthium, pubescent : sepals 3-5™™ long, serrate and glandular: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or nearly white: fruit, which ripens and falls in August and early in September, globose, 9-13™™ in diameter, at maturity red, the flesh orange-yellow, succulent: nutlets 3-5, about 8™™ long, 3.5-4.5™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about half the length of the _ ventral angle. (rategus galbana grows in open woods and on the borders of swamps near River Junction, Florida (type locality). ‘The type specimens, representing flowers (42087) and fruit (4/4969) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus abdita n. sp. A shrub or small tree 3—-6™ tall, the short trunk or main axis clothed with dark ashy-gray or brownish bark: branches fre- quently armed with stout chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-2°™ long: leaves obovate, oval or suborbicular, or on leading shoots sometimes broadly ovate, the blades 1.5-3.5°™ long, 1-3°™ wide, rounded or abruptly pointed at the apex, narrowed or contracted, or occasionally rounded at the base, the margins irregularly den- tate; they are glabrous or glabrate at maturity, pubescent when young on both surfaces, especially along the midrib and principal veins and in their axils, bright green, firm in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 7™™~2°™ long, mar- gined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 15-— 20mm wide, expanding early in April and when the leaves are about two-thirds grown; they are produced in simple, 3—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels mostly 1-1.5°™ long, like the hypanthium, white-tomentose: sepals 5-6™™ long, serrate and glandular, reflexed after anthesis: fruit, which ripens and falls in August and early in September, globose, 76 BILTMORE BUTANICAL STUDIES I0-15™™ in diameter, at maturity red, the flesh orange or orange- yellow, succulent: nutlets 3-5, 7-9™™ long, 3.5-5™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 5-6™™ | long. Crategus abdita is abundant in woods, mostly in sandy soil, near River Junction, Florida (type locality). The type specimens, consisting of flowers (42082) and fruit (44970) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus exilis n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 3—6™ tall with a trunk sometimes I-1.54™ in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish, either rough or scaly bark, the spreading branches, which are usually armed with stout spines 1-2“ long, forming an irregular, oval or flat-topped crown: leaves obovate, oval or elliptic, or on the shoots rhombic-ovate, the blades 1.5-4°™ long, 1~3.5°™ wide, acute or abruptly pointed at the apex, cuneate or contracted, rarely rounded at the base, the borders serrate and incised, or on lead- ing shoots deeply lobed ; they are glabrous at maturity, and when young are pubescent, especially on the midrib and bases of the principal veins above and in their axils beneath, firm to subcoria- ceous in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5™™—1.5°¢™ long, margined, minutely glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers about 15™™ wide, opening about the first of April and when the leaves are about one-fourth grown; they are disposed in simple or subsimple, 3-7-flowered corymbs, the lower branches of which arise from the axils of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium pilose- pubescent: sepals 3-4™™ long, lanceolate, serrate or entire, glan- dular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers pale yel- low: fruit, which ripens and falls in September, globose or sub- globose, 5-7™™ wide, at maturity red or ruddy, the flesh thin: nutlets 3-5, 4-5™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypo- style about 3™™ long. Crategus exilis was collected at Albany, Georgia (type locality), growing in sandy soil and along the banks of the river. The type specimens, flowers (24097) and fruit (24093*) from the same tree are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Bice monn BOTANICAL STUDIES ~] ~] Crategus valida n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 2—-5™ tall with a short ‘trunk 1—1.5¢™ in diameter, clothed with gray or brownish rough or scaly bark, the stout, spreading or ascending branches frequently armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-2 long: leaves obovate, oval or orbicular, the blades 2-5°™ long, 1.5-5°™ broad, or larger and broader than long on the shoots, rounded or abruptly pointed at the apex, contracted or rounded, or on strong shoots truncate or subcordate at the base, the margins irregularly dentate; they are glabrous or very nearly so at maturity, and when young beara few weak hairs along the midrib and principal veins, especially on the upper surface, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent: flowers I5-20™™ wide, opening after the middle of April and when the leaves are about one-third grown; they are produced in simple, 3-5-flowered corymbs, which terminate short leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium sparsely pilose-pubescent: sepals 3-4™™ long; 1.5-2™™ wide, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers purple: fruit, which ripens in September and October, subglobose, 12-15™™ thick, the cavity 4-6™™ wide: nutlets 3-5, 8-g™ long, 4-5™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus valida grows on a rocky hill at Rockmart, Georgia (type local- ity), and is peculiar on account of its stiff, stout branches and broad leaves. The original specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, represent both flowers (44755) and fruit (847557) from the same tree. Crategus limata n. Sp. A large shrub or small tree 2~5™ tall with one or more stems clothed with dark gray or brownish, either rough or scaly bark, the branches often armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 2-4cem long : leaves ovate, elliptic, obovate or suborbicular, the blades 2-4.5°™ long, 1.5+3.5°" wide, acute or abruptly pointed at the apex, contracted or rounded at the base, the borders finely serrate and incised, or with tooth-like lobes ; they are glabrous at maturity, and when young are more or less pubescent on the upper surface, especially near the base of the blade along the wy 78 BILTMORE BOTANICAL” STODIES midrib and bases of the largest veins and in the groove of the mar- gined, glandular petioles, which are 5-15™™ long, firm to subcoria- ceous in texture, yellow-green at maturity, bronze-red at the time of unfolding, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and ._ orange: flowers, which open about the middle of April, and when the leaves are about half grown, produced in simple, glandular- bracteate, 3—5-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium gla- brous: sepals lanceolate, 4-6™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers purplish: fruit, which ripens in September, globose, 1o-13™™ in diameter, red at maturity, the flesh orange-yellow, succulent: nutlets 3-5, about 6mm long, 3™™ measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle a little more than half the length of the ventral angle. Crategus limata was first collected at Warm Springs, Georgia (type local- ity), on September 8, 1899. Again in the spring of 1901 the original plants were visited and my earlier impressions of the validity of the species confirmed. Hills and dry woods, western and northwestern Georgia. The type material (477379 and 447370) is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus mira n. sp. A large shrub 2-3™ tall with one or more stems clothed with dark gray, rough or scaly bark, the branches armed with stout, chestnut-brown or gray spines 2~-5°™ long: leaves orbicular or very broadly ovate, mostly broader than long, the blades 2-4°™ long, 2-5.5°™ wide, abruptly pointed at the apex, rounded or con- tracted, or on leading shoots truncate or cordate at the base, the borders dentate or serrate-dentate and incised or with tooth-like lobes ; they are glabrous when fully grown, at the time of unfold- ing bearing some pubescence on the upper surface, especially near the base of the midrib, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, bright green, fading with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 4—-12™m long, margined, glandular: flowers 16-20™™ wide, expand- ing early in May and when the leaves are more than half grown ; they are produced in simple, 3—6-flowered corymbs which termi- nate short leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium sparsely pilose: sepals 4-6™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthe- sis: stamens varying in number, but usually 12-17, the anthers 7 Se ——— Se ee ee a BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES “79 nearly yellow: fruit, which ripens and falls in September and October, subglobose, 10-12™™ in diameter: nutlets 3—5, about 8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long. Crategus mira is truly aremarkable thorn. The dilated leaf-blades, which are almost invariably broader than long, present a character hitherto unnoticed in this section of the genus. The original specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, were collected at Marietta, Georgia, and represent both flowers (£4287) and fruit (84287") from the same shrub. VISENDZ Fruit pyriform, yellow or orange-yellow, often flushed or cheeked with red Leaves with very acute tooth-like lobes. ...... .C. visenda Leaves subentire or with blunt or rounded lobes Blades suborbicular, abruptly contracted at the base . C. sodalis Blades elongated, the base cuneiform. ...... C. furtiva Fruit subglobose or oval Fruit red or scarlet: anthers very small, bright purple . C. arrogans Fruit orange-red Leaves with large blunt or rounded lobes... . . C. egregia Leaves with numerous small, tooth-like lobes 3 Branches spreading or ascending Inflorescence pubescent... .. . . . | ie aCe. C220SE Inflorescence glabrous. . Branches drooping Anthers pink or pale purple: inflorescence yO ed aaa C. calva pubescent Leaves glandular-dentate and with tooth- OREO DIES ee feces LS Sra eStats CG. tristis Leaves dentate and’cleft...... ..C. guesita Beadle” Anthers white: inflorescence densely white- PROM erase eho) Haaser aM Kk rkiy 7s MAE A RC eens Crategus visenda n. sp. A tree sometimes 1o™ tall with a trunk 2.5~-3¢™ in diameter covered with dark gray or brownish, rough bark, the crooked, nearly horizontal or ascending branches often armed with stout, chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-2™™ long: leaves ovate, obovate or orbicular, the blades 2-4 long, 1-3.5°™ wide, acute or ab- ruptly pointed, or occasionally rounded at the apex, contracted at the base, the borders finely dentate and usually with several 29 B. B. Studies K: 33, 1901. 80 BILTMORE. BOTANICAL ‘STUDIES acute, tooth-like lobes ; they are glabrous in age, and when young bear some pubescence on both surfaces, especially along the midrib and bases of the principal veins, firm to subcoriaceous in — texture, bright green, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined, glandular: flowers 16— 20™m broad, opening about the last of March and when the leaves are more than half grown; they are produced in simple, 3—6-flow- ered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets: stamens 20, the anthers pale purple: fruit, which ripens and falls in August and early in September, pyriform, 10-12™™ thick, 12-15™™ long, at maturity orange, diffused or cheeked with red, the flesh yellow or orange-yellow, soft: nutlets 3-5, mostly 3, 7-8.5™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle two-thirds as long as the ventral angle. Crategus visenda grows in sandy soil near Bristol, Florida (type locality), where a number of very large individuals. have been noticed. The type specimens, consisting of flowers (4/4077) and fruit (4/4907) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus sodalis n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 3—5™ tall, often with two or more stems, with dark gray or brownish black, rough bark: branches stiff and mostly ascending, or the tips somewhat recurved: leaves obovate, oval or orbicular, the blades 1.5-2.5°™ long, 8mm_2.5cm wide, or larger on leading shoots, rounded or abruptly pointed at the apex, rounded or contracted, or on leading shoots truncate at the base, the borders minutely dentate and glandular, fre- quently with small tooth-like projections, especially on the larg- est leaves; they are pubescent or glabrate, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, dull green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent: flowers produced in simple, 3—5-flowered corymbs: pedicels 5™™— 1m Jong, pilose- pubescent: hypanthium pubescent: sepals 3-4.5™™m long, linear-lanceolate, glandular, serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens normally 20: fruit, which ripens and falls in August and early in September, pyriform, 8—12™™ thick, 12-15™™ long, at maturity orange-red, the flesh orange-yellow, soft: nut- lets mostly 3, about 8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 5-6™™ long. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 81 Crategus sodaiis grows in dry woods and on gravelly ridges at Girard, Alabama (type locality), standing in company with other species of this and the next group. The original material (24868) is deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus furtiva n. sp. A large shrub 2-4™ tall with dark, rough bark and drooping branches which are frequently armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-2 long: leaves obovate, or on leading shoots broadly ovate, the blades 1-3" long, 7™m_3¢m wide, narrowed or con- tracted at the base, pointed at the apex, the margins finely den- tate or glandular, usually with a few short tooth-like lobes ; they are glabrate in age, subcoriaceous in texture, dull green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow and brown: petioles 5™™—-2-™ long, pubescent, winged, glandular: flowers produced in simple, few- flowered corymbs: pedicels 5™™-1°™ long, pubescent or tomentose- pubescent, as is the hypanthium: sepals 3-4.5™™ long, glandular, mostly serrate: stamens normally 20: fruit, which ripens and falls in August and early in September, pyriform, 7—-12™™ thick, 12-15™™ long, at maturity orange, usually flushed or streaked with red, the flesh orange-yellow, soft: nutlets mostly 2-4, 6~-7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 4™™ long. Crategus furtiva was found in sandy soil near Albany, Georgia (type locality). The type material (44865) is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus arrogans n. sp. A tree 4~5™ tall with a short trunk 1.5—-24™ in diameter, clothed with dark, rough bark, the somewhat drooping branches fre- quently armed with stout, chestnut-brown or gray spines 1I.5-3°™ long: leaves oval, elliptic, obovate or cuneate, or on leading shoots nearly orbicular, the blades 1-3.5°™ long, 7™™—-3-™ broad, acute or abruptly pointed at the apex, contracted or narrowed, or on the shoots rounded at the base, the borders finely dentate or glandular, usually with several short, acute, tooth-like projec- tions or lobes; they are glabrous or glabrate at maturity, and at the time of unfolding are more or less pubescent on both sur- faces, especially along the midrib and principal veins, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, dull or even bright green, fading with 82 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES tones of yellow and brown: petioles 3-10™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent: flowers, which appear about the middle of Apri] and when the leaves are two-thirds or more grown, pro-- duced in simple, few-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 3-4™™ long, glandular, mostly serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamems 20, the anthers small, bnght purple: fruit, which mpens about the first of September, short-oval or slightly pyriform, g—-12™ thick, 11-13™™ long, red at maturity, the flesh orange-yellow, soft: nutlets mostly 3-4, about 8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 5™™ long. Crategus arrogams grows im woods and on ridges from eastern central Alabama to northwestern Georgia. Apparently first collected by Professor C. S. Sargent at Girard, Alabama, April 19, 1900, and subsequently found by Mr. C. L. Boynton at Phoenix City, Alabama (type locality), and at Rockmart, Georgia. The type material (2sf6g) is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus egregia n. sp. A small tree 4-6™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 1—1.5%™ in diameter covered with dark and very rough bark: leaves ovate, oval or obovate, the blades 1.5—3.5™ long, 7™™-3™ broad, acute at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the borders glandular, broken by several large, shallow, blunt or rounded lobes ; they are glabrous at maturity, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, dull to bright green, fadimg with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5-15™™ long, margimed, glandular: flowers produced in simple, few-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypan- thium sparsely pilose-pubescent: sepals about 3™™ long, entire or sparingly serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 15-20, the anthers white, tmged with rose: fruit, which ripens and falls about the end of August, subglobose, 10-12™ im diameter, at maturity yellow or orange, sometimes flushed with red, the flesh orange-yellow, soft: nutlets 3-5, about 8™ long, 4-5™ measured dorso-ventrally, the hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus egregia, om account of the large, blunt or rounded lobes of the leaves, iS 2 very distimct amd extraordimary thorm. Grows im sandy soil near Bristol, Florida (type locality), The original material (492g) is preserved im the Biltmore Herbarium. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 83 Crategus annosa n. sp. A tree sometimes 8” tall with a trunk 34™ in diameter clothed with dark, rough or rimose bark, the spreading or ascending branches frequently armed with stout chestnut-brown or gray spines 2-3 long: leaves obovate, oval or oblanceolate, or on leading shoots orbicular, the blades 2-4.5™ long, 1-4™ wide, mostly pointed at the apex, cuneate or more abruptly contracted, or on strong shoots rounded at the base, the borders dentate and glandular, mostly with several sharp, tooth-like lobes; they are glabrous or glabrate at maturity and when young are slightly pubescent on both surfaces, especially along the midrib and largest veins, firm in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™-2™ long, glandular, margined, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 15—20™ wide, opening early in April and when the leaves are about half grown; they are disposed in simple, 3~—5-flowered corymbs that terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 3-4.5™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers nearly white: fruit, which ripens and falls the last of August and early in September, subglobose or oval, 10-12™™ in diameter, orange-red or red and orange when ripe, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 7-8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle occupying about two-thirds of the ventral angle. Crategus annosa under favorable conditions develops into one of the larg- est trees of the ‘‘flava group,’’ and is abundantly represented in eastern central Alabama, where, at Phoenix City (type locality), trees of great age sometimes attain remarkable proportions. The type specimens, consisting of flowers (44707) and fruit (427077) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus calva n. sp. A shrub 2-4" tall with rough bark and ascending or spreading branches which are sometimes armed with stout chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-1.5°™ long: leaves obovate, oval or elliptic, the blades 1.5-3°™ long, 7™™-2- broad, mostly pointed at the apex, narrowed or contracted, or occasionally rounded at the base, the borders dentate, glandular and usually with several tooth-like lobes; they are glabrous when fully grown and when young 84 BILTMORE BOTANICAL (STODIES. bear a few weak hairs on both surfaces along the midrib and in the axils of the veins beneath, dull to bright green, thin to firm in texture, fading with tones of yellow, brown and orange: pet- ioles 5-15™™ long, margined, glandular: flowers 16-18™™ wide, opening about the toth of April and when the leaves are twoa- thirds grown; they are disposed in simple, 3—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 3-4™™ long, entire or glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers lght yellow or nearly white: fruit, which ripens and falls in September, globose, 7-10o™m in diameter, at maturity yellow or orange-red, the cheeks often bright red: nutlets 3-5, 5-6™m™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 4™™ long. Crategus calva grows in woods and on ridges at Ozark, Alabama (type locality). The original specimens, consisting of flowers (44zr7) and fruit (5002) from the same shrub, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus tristis n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 3—7™ tall, sometimes with a trunk 24m in diameter, clothed with dark or rimose rough, the drooping branches often armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 2-3.5°™ long: leaves obovate, cuneate, broadly oval or suborbicular, the blades 1.5-4°™ long, 1-4 wide, pointed or rounded at the apex, narrowed or contracted or on leading shoots sometimes rounded at the base, the margins dentate and glandular; they are slightly pubescent when young, becoming glabrate in age, or with some persistent pubescence along the midrib and in the axils of the veins beneath, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, dull to bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5™™_2-m long, margined, pubescent, glandular: flowers 16—-20™™ wide, opening near the end of April and when the leaves are less than half grown; they are produced in simple, glandu- lar-bracteate, 3-5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 4—-5™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers pink: fruit, which ripens and falls the last of August and early in September, oval or short-oval, 1o-12™™ thick, red BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 85 or orange-red at maturity, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 8-g™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 6-7™™ long. Crategus tristzs is abundantly represented on the hills about Rome, Georgia (type locality), and throughout the adjacent region. Apparently first collected by Mr. C. L. Boynton and the writer on September 19, 1899, and subsequently by Professor C. S. Sargent, April 22, 1900. The type material, representing flowers (#4rzg) and fruit (Bzr4g9") from the same tree, is preserved in-the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus egens n. sp. | A tree 4-7™ tall with a trunk sometimes 24™ in diameter, cov- ered with dark, rough bark, the branches crooked and recurved : leaves obovate, cuneate or spatulate, the blades 1-3 long, 5™™_— 2.5°™ wide, abruptly pointed at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the borders dentate, glandular and with tooth-like lobes above the middle; they are glabrate at maturity and when young are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, especially on the midrib and prominent veins and in their axils, at first dull green, becoming bright green in age, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 3-15™™ long, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 14-18™™ wide, opening about the first of April and when the leaves are half to two-thirds grown; they are either solitary or in simple, 2—4-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium densely white-woolly: sepals 3-4™m long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers almost white: fruit, which ripens and falls about the last of August, subglobose or slightly oval, g-11™™ thick, at maturity orange-red with ruddy cheeks, the flesh orange-yellow, succulent: nutlets 3-5, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus egens grows in sandy soil near Bristol, Florida (type locality), and was first collected in the same region by Dr. A. W. Chapman, possibly ten years ago. Later specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, and made by Mr. T. G. Harbison, April 1, 1901 (//g077) and August 23, 1901 (474909), both from the same tree, have been used as the basis of the description. MICHAUXIANZ, Leaves abruptly contracted at the base ......+4.-+ C. michauxt Pers.” ibenwen witn long cuneate bases 2)... «4 67% yg eG. Beene 30 Syn. Pl. 2 : 38, 1807. 86 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Crategus lanata n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 2-5™ tall with a short trunk 1-1.54™ in diameter, clothed with dark, rough or rimose bark, the droop- ing branches sometimes armed with stout, chestnut-brown or gray spines 1.5-2.5°™ long: leaves cuneate, the blades 2-4™ long, 7mm _2cem wide, or on leading shoots often larger and broader than long, mostly pointed at the apex, cuneate at the base, the borders glandular and usually broken above the middle by one or more short, point-like lobes ; they are tomentose, at least on the lower surface at maturity, and when young are more densely coated with tomentum, dull green, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of brown, orange and yellow: petioles 5-15™m long, winged, glandular, tomentose: flowers, which open after the middle of April and when the leaves are about half grown, produced in simple, mostly 2-4-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium densely tomentose: sepals 4~-5™™ long, narrowly lan- ceolate or almost linear, glandular, serrate: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or nearly white: fruit, which ripens and falls in August, globose, 8-11™™ in diameter: nutlets 3-5, 6—-7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus lanata is represented in many herbaria and especially by the specimens distributed by Mr. A. H. Curtiss (Vo. 6520) from near Stone Moun- tain, Georgia. Grows in rocky woods and sandy soil from the valley of Yellow river to northern Georgia and western North Carolina. The type material, which is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, was col- lected near the banks of Yellow river, below McGuire’s Mill, Gwinnett county, Georgia, April 5, 1901 (44745) and June 21, 1899 (2587). INTEGRE Fruit red Anthers light yellow: calyx-lobes and tube deciduous. ..... C. integra Anthers:pale’ purple: calyx persistent. > 4272) 2as fare. see . C. adunca Fruit yellow, orange or orange-red, the cheeks often flushed Pubescence of the corymbs copious but thin Pomes subglobose, the flesh attenuate with the pedicel . . . C. constans Pomes depressed-globose, the flesh depressed about the pedicel . C. Janda Pubescence of the corymbs densely white-woolly Vernal leaves bright green: pedicels at maturity 1° or more long Mature leaves subcoriaceous, conspicuously margined with black glands"... «sy ine Eee eee i. « Cxdapsas Mature leaves thinner, not very glandular. .... . . «C. dolesae Vernal leaves gray-green: pedicels very short .......C. rava ‘ : t : ] een, deeaee = as a ee ee a ae —_ = Ts ee one >" BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 87 CRAT&GUS INTEGRA (Nash) Crategus flava integra Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 22: 150, 1895. A small tree 4—5™ tall with a trunk 1-24™ in diameter, clothed with ashy-gray or dark, rough bark, the drooping branches infre- quently armed with short, stout spines: leaves obovate or cuneate, the blades 1.5-4-™ long, 7™™~-2.5°m wide, pointed or occasionally rounded at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base, the mar- gins glandular, sometimes bluntly or undulately lobed; they are pubescent on the lower surface at maturity, glabrate or glabrous above, and at the time of unfolding are but slightly pubescent on the upper surface, pubescent beneath, especially along the midrib and in the axils of the largest veins, bright green and eventually somewhat lustrous on the upper surface, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™—-2° long, margined, glandular, pubescent: flowers, which expand about the 20th of March and when the leaves are about two-thirds grown, 15—20™™ wide, disposed in simple, 3-5- flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium densely white-tomen- tose: sepals 4-5™™ long, glandular, serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens and falls in August, globose, 10-15™™ in diameter, at maturity red, the flesh orange-yellow, succulent: nutlets 3-5, about 8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 5-6™™ long. Crategus integra grows in sandy woods and old fields in central peninsular Florida. Crategus adunca n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 2-5™ tall, sometimes with a short trunk 1-1.54™ in diameter, clothed with ashy-gray or dark scaly or rough bark, the crooked branches spreading and somewhat re- curved, occasionally armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1.5-2.5°" long: leaves obovate, 2-3°" long exclusive of the petioles, 7™m_2,.5°m wide, or larger on leading shoots, abruptly pointed or rounded at the apex and with a small tooth-like point, contracted or narrowed at the base, the borders minutely dentate or nearly entire, glandular, sometimes with shallow, tooth-like lobes; they are glabrous or glabrate at maturity, and when young are pubescent along the midrib and principal 88 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES veins on both surfaces, bright green, firm in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young : flow- ers 15-20™™ wide, opening about the first of April and when the leaves are two-thirds grown; they are produced in simple, 3—5- ' flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose-pubescent : sepals 4~5™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers pale purple: fruit, which ripens the last of August and early in Sep- tember, globose, 12-15™™ in diameter, red at maturity, the flesh orange, succulent: nutlets 3-5, 7-8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long. Crategus adunca grows in sandy woods at Tallahassee, Florida (type locality). The type specimens, representing flowers (4406?) and fruit (74947) from the same individual, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus constans n. sp. A shrub 2-4™ tall with dark gray, either scaly or rough bark and crooked, recurved branches which are frequently armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-2.5°™ long: leaves obovate or cuneate, the blades 1.5-4e™ long, 7™m™_3cm wide, abruptly pointed at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the borders glandular, minutely dentate or entire; they are glabrate or pubes- cent at maturity, and when young are pubescent on both surfaces, especially the lower and along the midrib and principal veins, bright to dark green, somewhat lucid above, firm in texture, fad- ing with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5™™_2cm long, margined, glandular, pubescent: flowers 16-20™ wide, opening during the latter part of April and when the leaves are two-thirds grown; they are produced in simple, 3-—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels 1-2.5°™ long, like the hypanthium, pubescent: sepals 4-5™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers nearly yellow: fruit, which ripens and falls the last of August and early in September, subglobose or slightly pyriform, 1o-12™™ thick, deep but bright orange-red at maturity, the flesh orange-yellow, succulent: nutlets 3-5, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. | ee GIETMORE BOTANICAL STCODIES 89 Craltegus constans grows in sandy soil in woods at Columbus, Mississippi {type locality ). The original specimens, representing flowers (4787) and fruit (775066) from the same shrub, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus panda n. sp. A tree sometimes 6—7™ tall with a trunk 34™ in diameter, cov- ered with dark, rough bark, the crooked, recurved branches infre- quently armed with short, stout spines r-2°™ long: leaves obovate or cuneate, the blades 2-4 long, 1-2.5° wide, or broader on leading shoots, pointed or rounded and with an abrupt, sharp point at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base, the borders nearly entire; they are glabrous or glabrate at maturity and when young are pubescent on both surfaces, especially on the midrib and principal veins and in their axils, bright green and somewhat lucid on the upper surface in age, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5—-15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flow- ers 15-20™™ wide, opening about the first of April and when the leaves are about two-thirds grown; they are produced in simple, 3-5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 4-5™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis : stamens 20, the anthers almost white: fruit, which ripens and falls towards the end of August and early in September, globose or depressed-globose, 1o-15™™ in diameter, at maturity orange-yellow, often tinged or cheeked with red, the flesh orange-yellow, succulent: nutlets 3-5, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus panda grows in dry sandy soil at Tallahassee, Florida (type locality). The type material, which is deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, represents both flowers (//go05r) and fruit (74947) from the same tree. Crategus dapsilis n. sp. A shrub or small tree 2~-5™ tall, sometimes with a short trunk 1.5¢™ in diameter, covered with ashy-gray, rough bark, the droop- ing or recurved branches sometimes armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-3°™ long: leaves obovate or cuneate, the blades 1.5-4e™ long, 7™m_2.5°m wide, or larger on the shoots, rounded or 90 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES slightly and abruptly pointed at the apex, contracted and nar- rowed, or on leading shoots sometimes rounded at the base, the borders entire, glandular; they are more or less pubescent at maturity, especially on the lower surface along the midrib and in the axils of the veins, bright green at flowering time, becoming subcoriaceous in texture and fading with tones of yellow and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 15™™-2-m wide, opening about the 20th of March and when the leaves are about three-fourths grown; they are solitary, or more frequently in 2~-4-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium densely white-tomentose: sepals 4-5™™ long, glandu- lar, slightly serrate, reflexed after anthesis: fruit, which ripens and falls from the middle to the end of August, globose or sub- globose, 10-15™™ in diameter, at maturity yellow or orange, mostly flushed or cheeked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 8-g™m long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 5-6™™ long. Crategus dapsilis grows in sandy soil in central peninsular Florida. The type specimens (848376), which are preserved in the Biltmore Her- barium, were gathered at Lane Park, near Tavares. Crategus dolosa n. sp. A shrub or small tree 2-6™ tall with ashy-gray, rough or scaly bark, the spreading or recurved branches sometimes armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1.5-3°" long: leaves obovate, or on leading shoots broadly ovate or orbicular, the blades 1.5-4:™ long, 1-3 wide, or broader on the shoots, rounded or abruptly pointed at the apex, contracted or narrowed, or on vigorous shoots rounded at the base, the borders minutely dentate or nearly entire; they are glabrous, or but slightly pubescent at maturity, and when: young are sparingly pubescent on both surfaces, espe- cially on the midrib and principal veins, bright green, firm in texture, fading with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5mm_gem long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 18-20™" wide, opening early in April and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are borne in simple, 3-5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 91 pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 4-5™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or nearly white: fruit, which ripens and falls early in Sep- tember, subglobose or short-oval, g-12™™ thick, yellow or orange at maturity, sometimes with flushed cheeks: nutlets 3-5, 7-8mm long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. _ Crategus dolosa grows in dry woods at Abbeville, Henry country, Alabama (type locality). The original specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, represent flowers (4470) and fruit (75036) from the same individual. ,Crategus rava n. sp. A shrub or small tree 2—-5™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 1.54m in diameter, covered with ashy-gray, either rough or scaly bark, the crooked, slightly drooping branches often armed with stout, chestnut-brown or gray spines 1.5-3°™ long: leaves obo- vate, cuneate or spatulate, the blades 1-3°™ long, 7™™_2.5¢m wide, rounded and mostly with a short abrupt point at the apex, nar- rowed or contracted at the base, the borders glandular and nearly entire ; they are pubescent or glabrate at maturity, and when young are gray-green and pubescent on both surfaces, especially on the midrib and veins and in their axils, becoming bright green, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5-15™™ lorg, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 15™™—2-™ wide, expand- ‘ing early in April, and when the leaves are about half grown ; they are sometimes solitary, but mostly in 2~-4-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels very short, like the hypanthium, densely tomentose: sepals 4-5™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: sta- mens 20, the anthers light yellow or almost white: fruit, which ripens and falls about the last of August, globose or subglobose, Io-12™™ in diameter, when ripe yellow or orange-yellow, cheeked or splotched with red, the flesh succulent: nutlets 3-5, about 7™m long, the lateral surfaces nearly pale: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus rava was found in open woods, mostly in sandy soil, near Talla- hassee, Florida (type locality). The original specimens, representing flowers (//yo64) and fruit (44942) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. 92 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES DENTAT Fruit red at maturity Flowers 2-2.5°™ broad: calyx-lobes 6-8™™ long Pomes oval, 1.5-2 long: anthers yellow. . . C. alabamensis Beadle *! Pomes subglobose, 1-1.5°™ thick: anthers pale purple . Ci fortes Flowers smaller: calyx-lobes shorter Inflorescence densely woolly: leaves contracted at the base a) ee nee ee Inflorescence pubescent: leaves cuneate .. . C. zustdiosa Fruit yellow, orange or orange-red, the cheeks often red Pedicels clothed with white spreading hairs: flow- ers 2-2.5™ wide Leaves sharply dentate, mostly pointed . . . . C. florens Leaves crenate-dentate, mostly obtuse .. . .C. clara Pubescence of the pedicels white-woolly Anthers very small, less than 1™™ long Leaf margins very glandular: petioles short. C. pula. Leaf margins slightly glandular: petioles lone ues ery ae Sapam, Ba sao ig See aig Anthers larger: flowers 2-2.5° broad Nutlets 6-7"" Jone. 0-2.” ce be nomena Nutlets 7-9™™ long... J... 2. % | 2@. yavenel sarees Crategus fortis n. sp. A large shrub or occasionally a small tree 2—5™ tall with ashy- gray or brownish, rough or scaly bark: leaves obovate or obovate- cuneiform, the blades 2-4 long, 1-3°™ wide, or broader on lead- ing shoots, rounded or abruptly pointed at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the borders dentate; they are glabrate at maturity and when young are sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, especially along the midrib and veins, bright green, subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, brown and orange: peti- oles 5-15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 2-2.5°™ wide, expanding towards the end of April and when the leaves are about three-fourths grown; they are disposed in simple, 3—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose- pubescent: sepals 6-8™™ long,,serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers pale purple: fruit, which ripens 31 Bot. Gaz. ZO: 342, I900. 32 Bot. Gaz. BY: 122, I902. BILTMORE..BOTANICAL STUDIES 93 and falls from the middle of September to the first of October, subglobose or short-oval, 10o-15™™ thick, red at maturity, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about three-fourths the length of the ventral angle. Crategus fortis grows in sandy woods bordering the Tombigbee river, near Columbus, Mississippi (type locality). The original specimens, consisting of flowers (//g778) and fruit (5067) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus compitalis n. sp. A small tree or oftener a large, much-branched shrub, 2-5™ tall, the short trunk or main stems covered with dark gray or _ brownish rough bark: branches irregular, recurved or only droop- ing at the tips, sometimes armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-2" long: leaves obovate or obovate-cuneiform, the blades 2-4°™ long, 1-3°™ wide, rounded or with a small abrupt point at the apex, usually contracted at the base, the borders dentate or serrate-dentate; they are nearly or quite glabrous in age, and when young are pubescent on both surfaces, especially along the midrib and principal veins and in their axils, bright green, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 15-18™™ wide, expanding about the last of March and when the leaves are one-fourth grown; they are produced in simple, mostly 3—5-flow- ered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium densely-tomentose: sepals 4-5™m long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or nearly white: fruit, which ripens and falls from the middle to the end of August, subglobose or oval, 10-13™™ thick, red when fully ripe, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 8-g™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 6—7™™ long. ; (rategus compitalis grows along the roadsides near Gainesville, Florida (type locality), where the species is not uncommon. The type material, consisting of flowers (4060) and fruit (47060") from the same tree, is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. 94 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Crategus insidiosa n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 4-7™ tall with a trunk sometimes 2-34m in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish, rough or ~ rimose bark, the crooked, recurved branches frequently armed with chestnut-brown or. gray spines 1.5-3°™ long: leaves cuneate, 2-4 long exclusive of the petioles, 1-2°™ wide, or broader on leading shoots, blunt or abruptly pointed, or sometimes shallowly lobed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, the borders glandu- lar and dentate near the apex; they are pubescent or glabrate at maturity, and when young are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, especially along the midrib and prominent veins and in their axils, bright green, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow and brown: petioles 5™™—2™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 16-20™™ wide, opening in early April and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are sometimes solitary, but usually in 2~-4-flowered, simple corymbs which terminate leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 4-5™™ long, glandular, usually serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers lght yellow or almost white: fruit, which ripens and falls the last of August and early in September, oval or subglobose, g-12™™ thick, at maturity red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 7-8™™ long, the laterai surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus insidiosa was found in dry sandy upland woods at Ozark, Ala- bama (type locality), and at other stations in the same general region of the same state and Georgia. The type specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, repre- sent flowers (44775) and fruit (45008) from the same tree. Crategus florens n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 3-6™ tall with a short trunk occasionally 1.5-29™ in diameter, clothed with dark rimose bark, the crooked,’ recurved branches, which are sometimes armed, forming a wide, spreading top: leaves obovate, oblong-cuneate, or on leading shoots suborbicular, the blades 2-5.5°™ long, 1-3" wide, or broader on the shoots, pointed or rounded at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the borders dentate or serrate- dentate ; they are pubescent or glabrate in age, and when young ——- BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 95 are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, especially at the time of unfolding, bright green, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™—2cm long, margined, glandular, pubescent: flowers very large, 20-25™™ wide, opening about the 25th of April and when the leaves are almost or even fully grown ; they are produced in simple or sub- simple, 3—6-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy, spur- like branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium pilose-pubescent : sepals 6—-8™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens about the middle of September, subglobose, 10-15™™ thick, orange-red at maturity, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 5-6 ™™ long. Crategus florens is one of the most handsome thorns of the ‘‘ flava group,’’ especially noteworthy on account of the ample leaves and large flowers which are freely produced, and the wealth of showy fruits. ' The type material, which is deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium 1 (Harr & f15065), was collected at Columbus, Mississippi. Crategus clara n. sp. A small tree 4-6™ tall with dark gray or brownish rough bark, or more frequently a large much-branched shrub with one or more stems: branches usually armed with stout, chestnut-brown or gray spines 1.5-2.5° long: leaves obovate or obovate-cuneate, the blades 2-4°™ long, :-2°™ broad, or larger on vigorous shoots, rounded or pointed at the apex, narrowed or sometimes more abruptly contracted at the base, the borders dentate or crenate- dentate; they are slightly pubescent beneath in age, lustrous above and when young are more or less pubescent on both sur- faces, especially along the midrib and veins and in their axils, bright green, eventually subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 15—-18™™ wide, opening early in April and when the leaves are about two-thirds grown ; they are produced in simple, 3—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium pubes- cent: sepals 4-5™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthe- sis: stamens 20, the anthers white or very faintly tinged with 96 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES purple: fruit, which ripens in September, globose, g—-12™™ in diameter, orange-red when ripe: nutlets 3-5, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus clara is common in sandy soil in oak woods between Chatta- ~ hoochee and Bristol, Florida (type locality). The type material (474976) is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus pulla n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 3-5™ tall, sometimes with a trunk 1.5¢m in diameter, covered with dark rimose bark, the recurved or pendulous branches infrequently armed: leaves obovate, cuneate, elliptic or on leading shoots suborbicular, the blades 1.5-3™™ long, 7mm_3em wide, either pointed, rounded or lobed at the apex, nar- rowed or contracted or on the shoots rounded at the base, the borders dentate, glandular; they are pubescent at maturity and when young are more densely coated with soft hairs, especially along the midrib and principal veins and in their axils, dark, dingy green, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow and brown: petioles 5-12™™ long, pubescent, margined, glandular: flowers 14~-17™™ wide, opening about the 25th of April and when the leaves are two-thirds grown; they are produced in simple, 2—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy, spur- like branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 4-6™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers hight yellow: fruit, which ripens and falls in Sep- tember, subglobose or oval, g-12™™ thick, 10-14™™ long, at ma- turity yellow or orange-yellow flushed with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle occupying about three-fourths of the ventral angle. Crategus pulla grows in sandy soil along the Tombigbee river at Columbus, Mississippi (type locality). The original specimens, consisting of flowers (44788) and fruit (45063), are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus inops n. sp. A small tree sometimes 6—7™ tall with a trunk 2¢™ in diameter clothed with rough or rimose bark, the spreading or recurved branches frequently armed with gray or chestnut-brown spines q j { : f i res ae ae ee ee ? BILTMORE BOTANICAL, STUDIES 97 1-2 long: leaves cuneate, 1.5-3.5° long exclusive of the peti- oles, 7™™~2.5°™ wide, or broader on leading shoots, rounded, abruptly pointed or lobed at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the margins dentate above the middle; they are pubescent on the lower surface at maturity, especially along the midrib and principal veins and when young are pubescent on both surfaces, bright green, thin to firm in texture, fading with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5m™m_2.5¢m long, pubescent, margined, glandular: flowers 18-20™m wide, opening early in April and when the leaves are almost fully grown ; they are produced in simple, 3—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets : pedicels and hypanthium tomen- tose: sepals 3-4™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthe- sis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or nearly white: fruit, which ripens and falls during the last of August and early in September, globose, 10-14™™ in diameter, at maturity orange, flushed or diffused with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus tnops grows in dry sandy soil in oak woods at Ozark, Alabama (type locality). The original specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore ilerbarium, consist of flowers (/4rz7) and fruit (4/5007) from the same tree. Crategus amica n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 3-6™ tall, sometimes with a short trunk 2.5¢™ in diameter covered with dark, rough or rimose bark, the recurved branches infrequently armed: leaves cuneate or oblong-cuneiform, or on leading shoots broadly ovate, the blades 1.5-3.5°™ long, 7™m_2,5¢m wide, or broader on the shoots, mostly pointed or lobed at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the glandular borders dentate above the middle; they are pubes- cent when young and at maturity are lucid, bright green and glabrate on the upper surface, pale green and pubescent beneath, especially along the midrib and veins, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™_2.5¢m long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers about 2°™ wide, opening about the 20th of March and when the leaves are two-thirds grown; they 98 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES are produced in simple, 3—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium densely tomen- tose: sepals about 5™™ long, glandular serrate, reflexed after - anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens and falls in August, subglobose, 10-13™™ thick, at maturity orange, blotched or cheeked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 6—7m™m long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle occupy- ing three-fourths of the ventral angle. Crategus amica was collected in sandy woods and along the borders of roads at Ocala, Florida (type locality). The original specimens, representing flowers (44004) and fruit (Boog) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. ATTRITZ Spines 1-2 long: leaves very irregularly and coarsely dentate . C. attrita Spines longer: leaves finely serrate-dentate ........-. C. teres Beadle Crategus attrita n. sp. A shrub or small tree 2-5™ tall, sometimes with a slender trunk 1-1.54™ in diameter covered with dark, rough or rimose bark, the recurved, crooked branches often armed with gray or chestnut-brown spines 1.5—-2.5°" long: leaves cuneate or obovate- cuneiform, the blades 2-3.5°™ long, 7™™_3cm wide, truncate, blunt or even sharp-pointed at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the margins coarsely and irregularly dentate, especially above the middle; they are glabrous or glabrate at maturity, and when young are sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, event- ually firm or subcoriaceous in texture, bright green, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™-2-™ long, pubes- cent, margined, glandular: flowers 20-22™™ wide, opening early in April and when the leaves are two-thirds or more grown; they are either solitary or in 2~-3-flowered corymbs which termi- nate short, leafy branchlets or leafy fascicles: pedicels and hy- panthium bearing a few weak hairs: sepals about 5™™ long, glandular-serrate or nearly entire: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or nearly white: fruit, which ripens and falls towards the end of August or early in September, subglobose, 1o-14™™ thick, at maturity yellow, splashed with red, the flesh soft: 33 B. B. Studies ©: 43, Igor. ——— £ ta } ; . BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 99 nutlets 3-5, 7—-g™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypos- tyle two-thirds as long as the ventral angle. Crategus attrita grows in sandy upland woods at Ozark, Alabama (type locality ). The original specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, represent flowers (//zr16) and fruit (475009) from the same individual. SENT Leaf-blades with long cuneate bases BME TEU ws ge A earn, GRre on as ake ta een Ree eager Fruit orange with ruddy cheeks. ........ .C. cullasagensis Ashe® Leaf-blades suborbicular with rounded or abruptly con- RRM IS S s w w he oo KS Jus wdc ts atster Beadle ANISOPHYLL& Fruit orange, often with flushed cheeks. ....... J”, % U Cxanisopiyla Fruit red or reddish Vernal leaves slightly pubescent or glabrate Weac-betders SUbEntiTe 7, tp We Sk ete ele een ca C. frugalis eames oped sant €OOLME oo. ead eee a 32% atay us (C, POrUE Vernal leaves scurfy-tomentose Anthers yellow: fruit globose or subglobose Leaves conspicuously lobed, toothed and crisped. . . C. cirrata Leaves subentire or with shallow lobes and teeth. . . C. arguta Anthers white: fruit subglobose or oval. ....... .C laxa Crategus anisophylla n. sp. A large shrub or a tree sometimes 6™ tall with a short trunk 1.5—-29m in diameter, clothed with dark brown, either rough or rimose bark, the drooping branches often armed with gray or chestnut-brown spines 1-2 long: leaves spatulate or cuneate, the blades 2-4 long, 5™™—1.5°™ wide, or a little broader on the shoots, rounded, pointed or lobed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, the margins dentate and lobed above the middle; they are glabrous or nearly so at maturity, and when young are pubes- cent along the midrib and veins and in their axils, bright green, thin to firm in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5™™_3-™ long, winged, remotely gland- ular: flowers about 15™™ wide, opening towards the end of March or early in April and when the leaves are about half grown; they 34 Bot. Gaz. 8O: 341, I900. -85 Journ. E. Mitchell Soc. 171: 10, 1900, 36 B. B. Studies ©: 28, 1901. 100 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES are solitary or in simple, 2-4-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypan- thium tomentose: sepals 3-4™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens about 20, the anthers yellow: fruit, which ripens and falls in August, globose or subglobose, 6—8™™ in diam- eter, orange, flushed or cheeked with red when fully ripe, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 4.5-5.5™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 3™™ long. Crategus antsophylla grows in sandy soil and on the banks of the St. John’s river near Jacksonville, Florida (type locality), and is common on the high sandy banks of the river below the city. The type specimens, representing flowers (44067) and fruit (44067*) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus frugalis n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 3—5™ tall, the slender trunk or main axis covered with dark, rough bark: branches spreading or droop- ing, sometimes armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1.5-3"™™ long: leaves cuneate or obovate-cuneate, the blades 1.5—3.5°™ long, 7™™_2¢m wide, or broader on leading shoots, either rounded or with a short abrupt point at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the borders glandular, dentate or nearly entire; they are glabrous or glabrate in age, and when young are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, especially along the midrib and principal veins and in their axils, bright green, firm in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™-2°™ long, winged, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 12-17™™ wide, opening about the first of April and when the leaves are about half grown; they are borne in simple, 3-—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4™™ long, glandular-serrate or nearly entire, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers yellow: fruit, which ripens towards the end of August, subglobose, 7—9™™ thick, red at maturity: nutlets 3-5, 5-6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 3-4™™ long. Crategus frugalis was originally found April 3, 1901, growing on the banks of the Flint river near Albany, Georgia (type locality). PILIMORE: BOTANICAL STUDIES 101 The type specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, repre- sent both flowers (44092) and fruit (4¢og2") from the same tree. Crategus viaria n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 2--5™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 24™ in diameter, the branches, which are frequently armed with short spines 1-2 long, drooping at their extremities and forming a wide, spreading top: leaves spatulate, cuneate or obovate-cuneiform, the blades 1.5—-3.5° long, 1-2 wide, pointed or lobed at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the borders glandular, dentate and usually shallowly lobed above the middle; they are glabrate or pubescent along the midrib and in the axils of the principal veins beneath at maturity, and when young are almost glabrous and shining on the upper surface, paler below and more or less pubescent, thin to firm in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 7™™_2-m long, winged, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 10-13™™ wide, opening towards the end of March; they are solitary or in simple, 2—4- flowered co- rymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4™™ long, glandular-serrate or nearly entire, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers yellow: fruit, which ripens in August, globose, 7-9™™m in diameter, red at maturity: nutlets 3-5, 6-7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long. Crategus viaria is not uncommon in sandy soil in northeastern Florida, especially at Jacksonville (type locality). The type specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, repre- sent both fruit (470657) and flowers (24065) from the same tree. Crategus cirrata n. sp. A large shrub or frequently arborescent, 2-6™ tall, with a slender trunk covered with dark, rough bark, the crooked, droop- ing branches, which are frequently armed with stout spines 2-3.5°™ long, forming an irregular, spreading top: leaves spatulate, cune- ate or obovate-cuneiform, variously curled and crisped, the blades 1.5-2.5°" long, 7mm_gcem wide, or broader on leading shoots, pointed or lobed at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the borders dentate, glandular, lobed above the middle ; they are 102 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES. coated with white tomentum on both surfaces at the time of un folding, and when half-grown are bright green, tomentose ot pubescent along the lower portion of the midrib and principal veins and in their axils on both surfaces, becoming in age deep green, rather inconspicuously pubescent on both sides, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™-2-™ long, tomentose or pubes- cent, margined, glandular: flowers about 15™™ wide, opening early in April and when the leaves are barely half grown; they are produced in simple, 3—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hy- panthium tomentose: sepals 4—-5™™ long, serrate, glandular, re- flexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit globose or subglobose, 7-9™™ in diameter, red at maturity: nut- lets 3-5, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypo- style about two-thirds as long as the ventral angle. Crategus cirrata, on account of the wavy or crisped leaves, presents a peculiar and striking appearance. ‘The original specimens were gathered on the gravelly hills at Girard, Alabama. The type material, representing flowers (44722) and fruit (442227) from the same individual, is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus arguta n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 2—-6™ tall, sometimes with a short trunk 1.54m in diameter covered with dark, rough bark, the drooping branches, which are frequently armed with short, stout spines, forming an irregular, spreading crown: leaves cuneate or obovate-cuneiform, the blades 1.5—3°™ long, 8™m_2.5¢m wide, rounded or abruptly sharp-pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the borders dentate, glandular or shallowly lobed, especially above the middle; they are pubescent, at least on the lower surface at maturity, and at the time of unfolding are densely covered with tomentum on both sides, dull green when young, becoming bright green with age, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™-2-™ long, winged, glandular, tomentose or pubescent: flowers about 15™™ wide, opening early in April and when the leaves are one-half or two- BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 103 thirds grown; they are produced in simple, 3—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 4-5™™ long, gland- ular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers yellow: fruit, which ripens in September, globose when fully ripe, 7-9™™ in diameter, red: nutlets 3-5, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 4™™ long. Crat@gus arguta grows in dry woods and slopes in eastern central Alabama and southwestern Georgia. The type specimens, representing flowers (447237) and fruit (B4r277 ©*) from the same tree and deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, were gathered at Girard, Alabama. Crategus laxa n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 3—6™ tall, sometimes with a short trunk 24m in diameter, covered with dark gray or brownish-black rough bark, the spreading and slightly drooping branches forming a wide crown: leaves cuneate or obovate-cuneiform, the blades 1.5-5°™ long, 7™m_3¢m wide, or broader on leading shoots, either rounded, abruptly pointed or lobed at the apex,. narrowed or con- tracted at the base, the borders dentate, glandular; they are dull green and thickly coated with tomentum at the time of unfolding, becoming bright green and pubescent in age, firm to subcoria- ceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 7™™_2.5°m long, winged, glandular, pubescent: flowers 14-18™™ wide, opening early in April and when the leaves are less than half grown; they are produced in simple, 3—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3.5—-5™m long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers white: fruit, which ripens in September, subglobose or short-oval, 7-9™™ thick, g-11™™ Jong, red at maturity: nutlets 3-5, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long. | Crategus laxa grows in dry woods and on ridges in eastern central Ala- bama, and the original specimens, which represent flowers (#4777) and fruit (447177 &%) from the same tree, were collected at I’hoenix City. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium 104 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES COLONIC Leaves entire or nearly so, gland-margined. ...... wo a ak. Coeofamzan Leaves dentate, glands leSs\conspicvots >, .):e ene ee ee C. vicana Cratzegus colonica n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 3-6™ tall with a short trunk some- times 2~34™ in diameter, covered with ashy-gray, rough or rimose bark, the drooping branches frequently armed with chestnut- brown or gray spines 1-3" long: leaves cuneate or obovate-cunei- form, the blades 1-3°™ long, 7™™_3.5°m wide, rounded or abruptly © pointed at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the bor- ders glandular, usually dentate or shallowly lobed above the mid- dle; they are glabrate in age, or pubescent on the lower surface, and especially along the midrib and in the axils of the prominent veins, bright or yellow-green, subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™_2-m long, winged, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers, which open during the last of April or early in May, produced in sinple, mostly 2-4-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4.5™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens normally 20: fruit, which ripens and falls late in August or early in September, pyriform, 10o-13™™ thick, 1.5-2:m long, orange-red at maturity, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 8mm long, the lateral surfaces’nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus colonica was apparently first collected by Dr. J. H. Mellichamp on the bluffs of May river, near Bluffton, Beaufort county, South Carolina (Sie locality), where the species is not uncommon. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus vicana n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 2-4™ tall with a short trunk some- times 1.5-24™ in diameter, covered with ashy-gray or brownish, rough or rimose bark, the drooping branches, which are fre- quently armed with stout spines 1.5—-3.5°™ long, forming a wide- spreading crown: leaves cuneate or oblong- or obovate-cuneiform, the blades 1.5-3.5°™ long, 7™™-2°™ wide, or on leading shoots sometimes 4.5°™ wide, either pointed or rounded or occasionally truncate at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the mar- BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 105 gins dentate or shallowly lobed near the apex; they are glabrate or somewhat pubescent on the lower surface at maturity, and when young are lucid or bright green and slightly pubescent on the upper surface, especially along the midrib, pale beneath, and with conspicuous tufts of tomentum in the axils of the veins, which, together with the midrib, are coated with pale hairs, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 7™™—2.5°™ long, mar- gined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 15-20m™m wide, opening about the zoth of March and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are disposed in simple, 3—5-flowered corymbs which terminate leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 4-5™™ long, glan- dular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens in August, pyriform or oblong- pyriform, ro-14™™ thick, about 1.5°™ long, at maturity yellow or orange, blotched or cheeked with red, the flesh succulent: nutlets mostly 3, 8-1ro™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 6—7™m long. Crate@gus vicana is well represented in herbaria by the collections made by Mr. A. H. Curtiss (Vo. 6617) from individuals growing in a vacant lot in Tavares, Lake county, Florida. From the specimens gathered by Mr. C. L. Boynton at Tavares, and representing flowers (4zo7o) and fruit (Bzoro”) from the same individual, the description has been drawn. The type specimens are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. RECURVZ Leaf-blades (exclusive of the shoots) less than 2“™ wide red Prevailing leaves abruptly contracted at the base Pomes 8-12™™ thick: spines mostly 1-2°™ long Leaves conspicuously dentate and glandular. . . . C. rimosa Leaf-borders subentire: glands less conspicuous Meblades obovate or suborbicular , .‘. ...°. . 3 C. cnopiuma Blades much more elongated ....... ...C. villaris Pomes smaller : spines numerous, 1.5-3.5°™ long. . . C. curva Prevailing leaves with cuneate bases or long, winged petioles Leaves acute, or very sharply pointed, toothed or lobed . C. res¢éma Leaves abruptly pointed or obtuse, either toothed, lobed or entire 106 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Mature leaves more than 1™ wide . Vernal leaves long, conspicuously overreaching the flowers Petioles mostly short, never as long as the blades Nutlets 6-7™™ong. .....:,. .... C.lassa meaam@ Nutlets :7~9T™ long . 004, 00 a Se en Gee Petioles mostly elongated, sometimes as long as the blades Flowers large: calyx segments 4-5™™ long. C. zlludens Flowers and calyx segments very small . C. versuta Vernal leaves less than 2°" long, the -petioles white-woolly ©2720... 4. 02% 2 ah eh eC eae Mature leaves less thani™ wide. .... oa 4 9 Cirerogee Some or all of the leaves (exclusive of the shoots) 2°™ wide Pubescence of the inflorescence copious but thin. . . . « C. audens Pubescence of the inflorescence densely white-woolly . . . . C. meridiana Crategus recurva n. sp. A shrub or small tree 3—5™ tall, sometimes with a short trunk 1.5¢m in diameter, clothed with ashy-gray or brownish rough or rimose bark, the slender pendulous branches frequently armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 5™™_1.5°™ long: leaves cu- neate or spatulate, or on leading shoots obovate-cuneiform, the blades 1.5-3°" long, 5-15™™ wide, or broader on the shoots, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, pointed or rounded at the apex, the margins glandular, dentate or lobed ; they are glabrous or glabrate at maturity, and when young are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, bright green, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 12-15™™ wide, opening about the 2oth of March and when the leaves are about half grown; they are solitary or in simple, 2-4-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 4-5™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens about 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens in August, pyriform or short-pyriform, 7-9g™™ thick, red at maturity, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 6-7™™ long, the lateral sur- faces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. 37 B. B. Studies X: 29, Igor. —-_ BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 107 Crat@gus recurva grows in sandy soil at Ocala, Florida (type locality). The original specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, represent flowers (£4007) and fruit (44007’) from the same tree. Crategus rimosa n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 2-4™ tall with a short, slender trunk sometimes 14™ in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish-black rimose bark, the slender drooping branches fre- quently armed with stout spines 1-2.5° long: leaves cuneate, spatulate or oblong-cuneiform, the blades 1-2.5°™ long, 7™m_—gcem wide or broader on leading shoots, usually abruptly contracted but occasionally wedge-shaped at the base, either rounded, ab- ruptly pointed or lobed at the apex, the borders glandular, dentate above the middle; they are glabrate or pubescent on the lower surface at maturity, and when young are more or less pubescent on both sides, especially along the midrib and principal veins and in their axils, firm in texture, eventually bright green, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™-2-™ long, mar- gined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 12-15™m™ wide, opening about the 25th of March and when the leaves are about half grown; they are solitary or in simple, 2-4-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens in August, short-pyriform, g-12™ thick, at maturity yellow or orange-yellow flushed or cheeked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, 6-7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long, 1.5-2™™ wide on each side of the ventral angle. Crat@gus rimosa is abundant in sandy soil at Citra, Florida (type locality). The type specimens, consisting of flowers (44047) and fruit (44043) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus inopina n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 3~—5™ tall, sometimes with a short trunk 1-1.54™ in diameter, covered with dark, rough or rimose bark, the slender, crooked and recurved branches, which are often armed with spines 1-2" long, forming a low spreading crown: leaves obovate-cuneiform, sometimes suborbicular, the blades 108 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES I.5-2.5°™ long, 1-2°™ wide, or larger on leading shoots, usually abruptly contracted but occasionally wedge-shaped at the base, either rounded, pointed or lobed at the apex, the borders entire or denticulate ; they are glabrate at maturity or with some pubes- cence on the lower surface and in the axils of the large veins, and ’ when young are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, eventu- ally bright green, ‘firm to subcoriaceous im texture, fadumgemne autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™_2em long, margined, glandular, pubescent or scurfy-tomentose: flow- | ers 12-15™™ wide, opening about the zoth of March and when the leaves are about half grown; they are solitary or in simple, 2-4- flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4.5™" long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis, stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or almost white: fruit, which ripens in August, pyriform, 8-11™™ thick, 12-14™™ long, at maturity yel- low or orange-yellow, sometimes cheeked with red, the flesh soft : nutlets 3-5, 6-7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypo- style 4-5™™ long. Crat@gus tnopina is common in sandy soil at Ocala, Florida (type locality). The original specimens, representing flowers (#4ooz) and fruit (470027) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium Crategus villaris n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 3—5™ tall with one or more stems, sometimes with a short trunk 1~-1.54™ in diameter covered with dark, rough or rimose bark, the zigzag drooping branches, which are frequently armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-2 long, forming an irregular, spreading crown: leaves cuneate or oblong-cuneiform, the blades 1.5-3.5°™ long, 5™™—2em wide, or broader on leading shoots, usually abruptly contracted but occa- sionally wedge-shaped at the base, rounded or abruptly pointed at the apex, the borders glandular, entire or nearly so; they are glabrous or glabrate at maturity, and when young are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, especially on the lower surface and along the midrib and principal veins and in their axils, bright or yellow-green, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™—2-™ long, mar- BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 109 gined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 12-16™™ wide, opening about the 25th of March and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are solitary or in simple, 2—4-flowered corymbs which terminate short leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: fruit, which ripens and falls in August, pyriform, 8-11™™ thick, at maturity yellow or orange-yellow, cheeked or flushed with red, the flesh soft: nutlets mostly 3-4, 6—-7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypo- style 4-5™™ long. | Crate@gus villaris is quite common in sandy soil at Citra, Florida (type locality). The type specimens, representing flowers (&4ogz2) and fruit (#zo42") from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus curva n. sp. A shrub or very small tree 2—4™ tall, usually with several trunks or stems clothed with dark, rough bark, the crooked drooping branches, which are very freely armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1.5—3.5°™ long, forming a spreading or wide-spreading crown: leaves obovate or obovate-cuneiform, the blades 1-2 long, 5™m—2em wide, rounded or abruptly pointed at the apex, abruptly contracted at the base, the borders subentire or denticu- late and shallowly lobed; they are glabrate at maturity or with some conspicuous pubescence along the midrib and in the axils of the prominent veins beneath, and when young are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, eventually bright green, firm to sub- coriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5—-15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 12-15™™ wide, expanding about the end of March and when the leaves are about one-third grown; they are solitary or in simple, 2—4-flowered corymbs which termi- nate short, leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium: tomentose: sepals 3-4™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens in August, pyriform, 6-g™™ thick, at maturity orange- red or orange with red cheeks, the flesh very thin: nutlets usually 3-4, 6—7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 4— a long, 2—2.5™™ wide near the top of each lateral surface. 110 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Crate@gus curva is common in sandy soil throughout northeastern Florida, and especially in the vicinity of Jacksonville (type locality). The type material, which is deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, represents flowers (24082) and fruit (2z082") from the same tree. Crategus resima n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 2-4™ tall, sometimes with a short trunk 14™in diameter covered with dark, rough bark, the droop- ing branches, which are frequently armed with stout chestnut- brown or gray spines 1—2.5™™ long, forming a spreading or wide- spreading crown: leaves cuneate or spatulate, the blades 1-2.5™ long, 7™m™~1.5¢m wide, pointed or variously lobed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, the borders glandular, dentate or irreg- larly notched above the middle; they are pubescent or glabrate at maturity and when young are pubescent on both surfaces, especially along the midrib and principal veins and in their axils, eventually bright green, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™—2°™ long, winged, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers about 12™m wide, expanding about the first of April and when the leaves are one-third to one-half grown; they are produced in simple, 2—5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4™m long, glandular-serrate: stamens 20, the anthers pale yel- low: fruit, which ripens and falls in August and early in Septem- ber, pyriform, g-11™™ thick, at maturity orange-yellow blotched with red, the flesh soft: nutlets mostly 3, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly piane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long, 1.5-2™™ wide on each lateral surface. Crategus resima grows in open woods and old fields, mostly in sandy soil at Albany, Georgia (type locality). The original specimens, representing flowers (24089) and fruit (7089) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus adusta n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 2—5™ tall with a short trunk 1-1.54™ in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish rough bark, the slender drooping branches, which are often armed with gray or chestnut-brown spines 1-2°™ long, forming an irregular, spreading BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Tit crown: leaves cuneiform, the blades 1.5—-3°™ long, 7™™~2-m wide, or larger and obovate-cuneiform on the leading shoots, rounded or with a short, abrupt point at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, the borders glandular, subentire or dentate near the apex; they are glabrate at maturity, and when young are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, especially along the midrib and veins, bright green, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5—15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers I4—18™™ wide, opening towards the end of March and when the leaves are about half grown; they are solitary or in simple, 2-4- flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets or fasci- cles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-5™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers almost white: fruit, which ripens in August, short-pyri- form, g-11™™ thick, at maturity orange-red, usually spotted and streaked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 5-6™™ long. Crate@gus adusta grows in sandy woods at Gainesville, Florida (type locality). The original specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, represent flowers (24059) and fruit (47059") from the same tree. Crategus illudens n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 3—6™ tall with one or more stems, sometimes with a short trunk 2.59" in diameter, clothed with ashy-gray or brownish-black rough bark, the slender drooping branches, which are often armed with gray or chestnut-brown spines 1-2" long, forming a spreading or wide-spreading top: leaves cuneiform, the blades 1.5-3.5° long, 7™™-2cm wide, or broader on vigorous or leading shoots, either rounded, pointed or lobed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, the borders entire or denticulate, glandular, sometimes lobed above the middle, espe- cially on leading shoots ; they are glabrous or glabrate at maturity, and when young are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, espe- cially along the midrib and principal veins and in their axils, bright green, firm in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 7™™-3¢m long, winged, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 14-18™" wide, opening towards the 112 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES end of March and when the leaves are about half-grown; they are occasionally solitary but mostly in 2-4-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3.5-5™™ long, glandular-ser- _ rate, reflexed after anthesis: fruit, which ripens and falls. in August, pyriform, 8—-11™™ thick, yellow at maturity, the flesh soft: nutlets mostly 3, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. | Crategus tlludens is abundant in the region about Citra, Florida (type locality), growing in sandy soil. The type material, which is deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, consists of flowers (84055) and fruit (44055") from the same tree. Crategus versuta n. sp. A shrub or small tree 3—6™ tall with one or more stems or trunks sometimes 1-29™ in diameter, covered with dark, rough bark, the drooping branches, which are frequently armed with spines 1-2 Jong, forming a spreading, irregular crown: leaves cuneiform, the blades 1-3°™ long, 5™m-2gem wide, or broader on leading shoots, either rounded, pointed or lobed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, the borders glandular, dentate or lobed above the middle; they are pubescent or tomentose at maturity, at least on the lower surface along the midrib and in the axils of the principal veins, and when young are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, eventually firm in texture, bright green, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™-3™ long, winged, glandular, pubescent: flowers 10-12™™ wide, opening early in April and when the leaves are about half grown; they are solitary or in simple, 2~-4-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hy- panthium tomentose: sepals 2-3™™ long, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens normally 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens and falls in August, short-pyriform, 6-g™™ thick, at maturity orange- or greenish-yellow with ruddy cheeks: nutlets 3-5, about 6™™ Jong, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 3-4mm long. Crate@gus versuta grows in woods and on banks at Albany, Georgia (type locality ). ee Ye ee _ Fit. tilt S a ae ke » Se 4 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 113 The original specimens, which are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, consist of flowers (44097) and fruit (24og7") from the same tree. Crategus incana n. sp. A large shrub 2-4™ tall with one or more stems covered with dark gray or brownish, rough or scaly bark, the crooked, recurved branches sometimes armed with short, gray or chestnut-brown spines: leaves cuneate, or obovate-cuneate, the blades 1-2.5“™ long, 7mm_gem wide, abruptly pointed or rounded at the apex, wedge- shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the margins gland- ular, subentire or shallowly lobed; they are pubescent at maturity, and when young are pubescent on both surfaces, especially along the midrib and principal veins and in their axils, eventually bright green, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined, densely white-tomentose when young, glandular: flowers about 15™™ wide, opening towards the end of March and when the leaves barely overreach the flowers, they are solitary or in simple, 2-4-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium densely white-tomentose: sepals 4-5™m long, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers nearly white: fruit, which ripens in August, pyriform, 8—g™™ thick, at maturity orange-yellow flushed or cheeked with red: nutlets 3-5, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crat@gus incana grows in sandy oak woods at Bristol, Florida (type locality )._ The original specimens, representing flowers (774020) and fruit (44978) from the same shrub, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus crocea n. sp. A small tree or large shrub with one or more stems, 3-6™ tall, clothed with dark, rough bark, the slender, drooping branches frequently armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 1-2.5¢™ long: leaves cuneiform, the blades 1-2.5°™ long, 5—15™™ wide, or broader on leading shoots, either pointed or rounded at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, the borders glandular, denticulate above the middle; they are smooth on the upper surface at maturity, 114 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES mostly pubescent beneath, especially along the midrib and largest veins, and when young are more or less pubescent, bright green, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 7™™_2-m long, margined, glandular, pubescent, at least when young: flowers about 15™m™ ' wide, expanding towards the end of March and when the leaves are about half-grown; they are solitary or in simple, 2—4-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets or fascicles of leaves : pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 3-4™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 15-20, the anthers nearly white: fruit, which ripens and falls in August, pyriform, g-12™™ thick, at maturity yellow or orange-yellow, rarely cheeked with russet-red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 6mm long, the lateral surfaces almost plane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long. Crategus crocea grows in sandy soil at Citra, Florida (type locality). The original specimens, which are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, consist of flowers (24045) and fruit (44045) from the same tree. Crategus audens n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 2—-5™ tall, sometimes with a short trunk 1-1.59™ in diameter, covered with dark gray or brownish, rough or scaly bark, the branches frequently armed with chestnut- brown or gray spines 1.5—2.5°" long: leaves obovate or obovate- cuneiform, the blades 1.5-3.5c™ long, 1-3.5°" wide, abruptly pointed, rounded or lobed at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base, the margins dentate and shallowly lobed; they are glabrate and lustrous on the upper surface at maturity, pubescent beneath, especially along the midrib and principal veins, and when young are more or less pubescent on both surfaces, bright green, eventually firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent: flowers 15-16™™ wide, opening early in April and when the leaves are two-thirds or more grown; they are borne in simple, 2—5-flowered corymbs, or occasionally solitary: pedicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 4—5™m Jong, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers almost white: fruit, which ripens and falls in August, pyriform, g-12™ thick, at maturity orange-yellow, flushed or i —- BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 115 cheeked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets mostly 3, 7-8™™ long, the lateral surfaces almost plane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long. Crategus audens is abundant on dry hills near Chattahoochee, Florida (type locality). The original specimens, representing flowers (//4097) and fruit (44967) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus meridiana n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 3—7™ tall, sometimes with atrunk 24™ in diameter, clothed with dark, rough, or rimose bark, the recurved branches frequently armed with spines 2-3™ long: branchlets slen- der, zigzag, pubescent when young, becoming glabrous with age, dark reddish-brown, marked with small pale lenticels: buds globu- lar, bright reddish-brown, the outer scales obtuse, the inner pointed : leaves cuneate, obovate-cuneiform, or on vigorous shoots broader than long, the blades 2-3" long, 7™™_3:m wide, abruptly pointed or lobed at the apex, narrowed or contracted at the base, the bor- ders dentate, glandular, shallowly lobed above the middle; they are glabrate on the upper surface at maturity, more or less pubes- cent beneath, especially along the midrib and in the axils of the prominent veins, and when young are sparsely coated on both surfaces with pale hairs, bright green, eventually firm to subcoria- ceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 7™™_3-m long, winged, glandular, pubescent : flowers 18-20™™ wide, opening about the roth of April and when the leaves are about half grown; they are produced in simple, 3-5-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: sepals 5—-6™™ long, glandu- lar, serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow or nearly white: fruit, which ripens and falls in August or early in September, pyriform, 7-9™™ thick, 12-15™™ long, at maturity orange-yellow, sometimes flushed or streaked with red, the flesh soft: nutlets 3-5, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 4™™ long. Crate@gus meridiana grows in sandy oak woods at Ozark, Alabama (type locality). The original specimens, which are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, represent both flowers (//gzr4) and fruit (//5007) from the same tree. 116 BILTMORE BOTANICAL. STUDIES LEPIDZ Spines less than 3°™ long Fruit globose at maturity Inflorescence tomentose: leaves mea con- tracted below... . 5 . ««. . C, lefida Beadle Inflorescence glabrous: tears cuneate or spatu- 1d ees eye ah SERS ove ele be 8 606K ae@ terraces ae Fruit pyriform, or nearly so Leaves crenate ..... hol cane ae ae . . . C. condigna Beadle * Leaves dentate or lobed.) 3. 2 2).s0. et: . . . C. gentculata Ashe * Spines long and slender Fruit globose... . sd Les had a Gal es rae en, eee Fruit pyriform, or aeadle so Calyx segments 3-4™™ long: corymbs few- to sev- eral-fowered: ( .) ict = Lee ... ..C. yadkinensts Ashe * Calyx segments 4-6™™ long: Sowers Suter or in twos and threes Leaves toothed: pedicels and shoots soon be- coming glabrous... . . . C. munda Beadle * Leaves finely toothed and oped Be dicels aaa shoots tomentose . .°.> 3 ..... . . Citmviela Beagles Crategus pexa n. sp. A shrub 1-3™ tall with one or more stems, the branches zig- zag, very freely armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 2.5-4°™ long: leaves cuneate or spatulate, the blades 1-2™ long, 7-15™m wide, or larger on vigorous shoots and varying from obovate to broadly ovate, frequently broader than long, either rounded, pointed or lobed at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly con- tracted at the base, the margins dentate or crenate; they are pubescent at maturity, at least on the lower surface, and when young are coated on both surfaces with soft pale hairs, eventually bright green, subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yel- low, orange and brown: petioles very short, 1-10™™ long, glandu- lar, pubescent: flowers 10o-15™™ wide, either solitary or in twos and threes, opening towards the end of April and when the leaves are about half grown: pedicels and hypanthium tomentose: 38 B. B. Studies K: 36, Igor. 89 Torreya IK:97, I190!. 40 B. B. Studies 4:35, 1901. 41 Journ. E. Mitchell Soc. 1771 : 16, 1900. 42 Journ. E. Mitchell Soc. 171:17, 1900. 43 B. B, Studies 1:38, Igor. 44 B. B. Studies I : 37, Igor. ee ee ee ee ee ee eS a oe ee ee ee a Ct ee ae BILTMOKE BOTANICAL STUDIES 117 sepals about 4™™ long, glandular, serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens about 20: fruit, which ripens in August and September, globose, 7-9™™ in diameter: nutlets 3-5, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 4™™ long. Crat@gus pexa grows in dry woods and on the ridges of Rowan county, North Carolina, and was originally collected in August, 1895, and on April 28, 1897, near Salisbury (type locality). The type specimens are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. UNIFLORZ Mature fruit globose or nearly so Leaves obovate or cuneate, mostly obtuse Fruit yellow, orange or greenish-yellow. . . . . C. unzflora Muench * DTS 5G i ue eS et C. armentalis Leaves oval, ovate or elliptic, mostly acute Leaves frequently lobed or incised: fruit red at BUS MELE eee iS aie Ye gale n Yeo 38 aw eee Cs PAO tito Leaves (exclusive of the shoots) not lobed: fruit yellow, orange or greenish-yellow .... . .C. raleighensis Ashe* Mature fruit pyriform Leaves prevailingly oval, ovate or elliptic . . . . . C. btsulcata Ashe * Leaves prevailingly obovate or cuneate Calyx segments broad and incised ...... .C.gregalis Calyx segments narrow, entire or serrulate . . . C. earlet Ashe * Crategus armentalis n. sp. A shrub 3¢™_1™ tall, usually forming small clumps or covering patches of considerable area, the stems and largest branches armed with slender gray or chestnut-brown spines 1-4™ long: leaves cuneate or spatulate, the blades 1-2 long, 5-15™™ wide, either rounded or pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, the borders serrate, usually only above the middle; they are slightly pubescent at maturity, and when young are coated on both surfaces with pale, soft hairs, especially on the midrib and principal veins on the lower surface, at first gray-green, but soon bright green, firm in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, red and brown: petioles very short, pubescent: flowers 45 Hausv. 5: 147, 1770. 46 Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 24:53, 1897. 47 Bull. N. C. College Agric. and M. A. No. 175: 112, 1900. 48 Bull. N. C. College Agric. and M. A. No. 175: 112, 1900. 49 Bull. N. C. College Agric. and M. A. No, 175- 112, 1900. 118 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 1o-15™™ wide, opening about the 1toth of May and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are solitary or in twos and threes and terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hy- panthium densely hirsute-tomentose: sepals narrowly lanceolate, 5-7™™ long, serrate, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers pale yellow or nearly white: fruit, which ripens in October, globose, about 1*™ in diameter, red at maturity: nutlets 3-5, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long. Crat@gus armentalis grows in shallow soil in the rocky glades of Marshall county, Alabama, near Albertville (type locality). The type specimens (44778 and 43281) are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus gregalis n. sp. A shrub 1-3™ tall, usually with several stems, the branches armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 2-5°™ long: leaves prevailingly obovate or oblong-cuneiform, the blades 1.5-3.5°™ long, 7™™_2¢m wide, or broader on leading shoots, mostly rounded, but occasionally pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, the borders crenate or bluntly serrate; they are pubescent and pale on the lower surface at maturity, especially on the midrib and principal veins, bright green and lustrous above, and when young are gray-green and coated with pale, soft hairs, eventually coriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow and brown: petioles very short, pubescent: flowers about 15™™ wide, opening about the 20th of May and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are solitary or in twos and threes and termi- ~ nate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium densely hirsute-pubescent: sepals 5-6™™ long, incised, reflexed after an- thesis: fruit, which ripens in October, pyriform, 1o-14™™ thick, 12—-16™™ long, at maturity red or ruddy: nutlets 3-5, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces almost plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus gregalts is common on the sandy flats of the French Broad river near Biltmore, North Carolina (type locality). At least part of the distri- bution of the Biltmore Herbarium sent out under number 1270>, September 17, 1897, is of this species. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 119 MOLLES Hypanthium tomentose or pubescent Flowers at least 2“ broad: fruit not depressed- globose Anthers yellow Fruit ripening in August-September. . . C. mollis (T. & G.) Scheele Broitripening in October. .-.. ... + - C. arkansana Sargent *! Anthers dark red’or purplish... 5.6.0.6 4 C. texana Buckley Flowers about 15™™ broad: fruit depressed-glo- IMIR ERs ite, wie ah ats gS alan ey aes we A C. gravida Hypanthium glabrous Anthers yellow: leaves finely serrate ..... C. cibaria Anthers red or purple: leaves coarsely serrate . C. /acera Sargent * Crategus gravida n. sp. A wide-spreading tree, sometimes 6—7™ tall with a trunk 2—-2.54m in diameter covered with dark brown scaly bark, the branches sometimes armed with stout chestnut-brown or dark gray spines 5-8" long: leaves broadly ovate, the blades 4-9™ long, 38cm wide, mostly acute at the apex, rounded, truncate or cordate at the base, the borders serrate and shallowly incised; they are bright, deep green and glabrous or glabrate and lustrous on the upper surfaces at maturity, pale green and pubescent be- neath, and when young are coated with fine, pale hairs on both surfaces, especially and very densely so along the prominent mid- rib and veins on the lower surface, firm in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 1.5-3°™ long, pubes- cent: flowers about 15™™ wide, opening about the first of May and when the leaves are half to two-thirds grown; they are disposed in dense, compact, subsimple or compound, hirsute- tomentose, many-flowered corymbs, the lower branches of which arise from the axils of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium hir- sute-tomentose: sepals 3-5™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens about 20: fruit, which ripens in August and September, depressed-globose, 12-15™™ in diameter, red at maturity: nutlets mostly 5, about 8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 4—5™™ long. 50 Linnea 2X: 569, 1848. 51 Bot. Gaz. BI : 223, 1901. 52 Proc. Phila. Acad. E86: 454. 53 Bot. Gaz. 8B: 123, 1902. 120 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Crat@gus gravida grows on the limestone hills near Nashville, Tennessee (type locality), where several remarkably fine large trees have been noticed. The original specimens (42742 and 42736) are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. . Crategus cibaria n. sp. A shrub or small tree 3—6™ tall with a trunk sometimes 1.5—24™ in diameter, covered with dark gray, scaly bark, the branches frequently armed with spines 2.5-4°™ long: leaves ovate, broadly ovate or oval, the blades 3-9°™ long, 2—-7°™ wide, acute or acu- minate at the apex, rounded or contracted at the base, the margins sharply serrate and incised; they are glabrous on the upper surface at maturity, pubescent along the midrib and bases of the principal veins beneath and in their axils, and when young are bright green and very sparsely pubescent on the upper sur- face, paler beneath and pubescent along the midrib and veins, or on their bases and in the axils, thin to firm in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow and brown: petioles 1-4°™ long, pubescent: flowers, which open about the last of April and when the leaves are about two-thirds grown, produced in ample, many-flowered, sparingly-pubescent corymbs, the lower branches of which arise from the axils of leaves: pedicels pubescent : hypanthium glabrous: sepals 5-6™™ long, incised, glandular, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens from the middle to the end of August, short- oblong or obovate, 10-14™™ wide, 12-15™™ long, red at maturity, the flesh soft and edible: nutlets 3-5, about 8™™ long, 4-5™m measured dorso-ventrally, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crat@gus cibaria is common on the hills near Nashville, Tennessee (type locality). The original specimens, representing flowers (#27377) and fruit (#2727 and H1270) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. BILTMOREANZ Stamens normally 10: fruit yellow or orange, often cheeked red. 3 tas Sal ee tee ee . . . .C. biltmoreana Beadle Stamens normally 20: fruit redorruddy ....... C. craytont 54 Bot. Gaz. 28: 406, 1899. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 121 Crategus craytoni n. sp. A shrub 1-2™ tall with one or more stems clothed with dark gray or brownish, scaly bark, the branches sometimes armed with dark gray or chestnut-brown spines 3-5°™long: leaves ovate, oblong-ovate or oval, the blades 3-7“ long, 2-5 «™ broad, acute at the apex, rounded or contracted at the base, the borders serrate and incised ; they are dark green and finely but rather inconspicu- ously pubescent. on the upper surface at maturity, paler beneath, pubescent, especially along the midrib and principal veins, and when young are clothed with pale, short hairs on both surfaces, thin to firm in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 1-2.5™ long, margined, glandular, pubescent: flowers about 2°™ wide, expanding about the 2oth of May and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are dis- posed in simple, 3-7-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets of the present season’s growth: pecicels and hypanthium pubescent: sepals 4-5™™ long, glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens and falls in September, oblong or obovate, g—12™m thick, 10-14™™ long, at maturity red or ruddy: nutlets 3-5, about 8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 3-4™™ long. Crategus craytoni grows on the bluffs and banks of the French Broad river, three miles south of Marshall, Madison county, North Carolina (type locality), where it was first found and collected by Mr. F. M. Crayton, of Biltmore, N. C., and for whom the species is named. The type specimens, representing both flowers and fruit from the same bush, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. ; PRUINOSZ Fruit globose, subglobose or oval Stamens normally 20 Pomes angled, conspicuously swollen below the middle Anthers white or light yellow ....... .C. rustica Anthers purple or purplish ..... Ps ter MR ge Pomes not conspicuously angled or swollen below the middle Anthers purple or purplish. ....... _ . C. georgiana Sargent® Anthers white or pale yellow. ....... . C. callida 2 EL okra le ee ne ae ee . . C. tracunda er fei 4 ee ee a eed es C. vicinalis 55 Bot. Gaz. 8%: 113, 1902. 122 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Crategus rustica n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 2-6™ tall, sometimes with a trunk 24m in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish-black scaly bark, the spreading and ascending branches frequently armed with _ stout, chestnut-brown or gray spines 2—5.5°™ long: leaves ovate or oval, the blades 2-5°™™ long, 1.5-5°™ wide, acute at the apex, rounded, narrowed or on leading shoots truncate or cordate at the base, the borders serrate and incisely lobed; they are glabrous when fully grown and when young are glabrous except a small area at the base of the blade, which bears a few pale hairs, bright green, thin to firm in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 1.5-3™ long, glabrous: flowers 15-18™™ wide, opening about the 1oth of May and when the leaves are two-thirds grown; they are produced in simple, 3—9-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy branch- lets: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 3-4™™ long, mostly entire, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens late in September and in October, subglobose, 7-11™™ thick, obtusely angled and conspicuously swollen below the middle, dull red at maturity, or red and green, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 4™™ long. ? Crategus rustica is common in old fields and woodlands near Biltmore, North Carolina (type locality). The type specimens, which are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, repre- sent both flowers and fruit from the same tree. Crategus arcana n. sp. A shrub or small tree 2-6™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 24m in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish-black scaly bark, the spreading and ascending branches often armed with stout chestnut-brown or gray spines 3-5°™ long: leaves ovate or oval, the blades 2.5-6°™ long, 2—-7°™ wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded or contracted, or on leading shoots truncate or subcordate at the base, the borders sharply serrate and incised; they are glabrous when fully grown, and when young are some- times a little pubescent along the base of the midvein, especially on the lower surface, bright green, thin to firm in texture, fading 4 ee — BILIMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 123 in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 1-3°™ long, glabrous: flowers 16-20™™ wide, opening about the toth of May and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are pro- duced in simple or subsimple, 4-10-flowered corymbs which ter- minate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 4-5™™ long, entire or serrulate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens normally 20, the anthers light purple: fruit, which ripens in September and October, subglobose, 8-12™™ thick, obtusely angled and conspicuously swollen below the middle, at maturity red or ruddy, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, 6-7™™ long, the lateral surfaces almost plane: hypostyle about half the length of the ventral angle. Crate@gus arcana grows in woods and old fields near Biltmore, North Carolina (type locality). : The type material, representing flowers and fruit from the same tree, is pre- served in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus callida n. sp. A shrub or small tree 2-5™ tall with one or more stems, some- times with a short trunk 1.5-29™ in diameter, covered with dark gray or brownish scaly bark, the spreading and ascending branches frequently armed with stout, chestnut-brown or gray spines 2-5" long: leaves ovate, 2-7°™ long exclusive of the petioles, 2-6:™ wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded, truncate or sub- cordate at the base, the borders serrate and with several pairs of short, point-like lobes; they are glabrous at maturity, and when young usually bear some slight pubescence at the base of the blade on the upper surface and along the base of the midrib or in the axils of the prominent veins beneath, bright green, firm in tex- ture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, red and brown: petioles 1-3°™ long, glabrous: flowers about 2° wide, expanding about the 25th of April and when the leaves are half to two- thirds grown; they are disposed in subsimple or compound, 5-10-flowered corymbs, the lower branches of which arise from the axils of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 3-5™™ long, mostly entire, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers very pale yellow or almost white: fruit, which ripens in September and October, depressed-globose, 8-10™™ wide, at 124 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES maturity red, or green and red and often with russet surfaces, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, about 7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle occupying about two-thirds of the ventral angle. Crategus callida grows in the flat woods south of Gadsden, Alabama (type locality). ee The original specimens, which are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, represent both flowers (4205) and fruit (27277) from the same tree, Crategus iracunda n. sp. A large shrub or a slender tree 2—-5™ tall, sometimes with a trunk 14™ in diameter covered with ashy-gray, either smooth of scaly bark, the ascending or rarely spreading branches freely armed with very stout, chestnut-brown or gray, mostly curved spines, or the latter on the trunk or stems very numerous and com- pound: leaves ovate or deltoid, the blades 1.5-6 long, 1-6°™ wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, truncate, cordate or occa- sionally broadly cuneate at the base, the borders sharply serrate and incised; they are bright green and scabrous on the upper surface, pale and glabrous beneath, and when young are pubes- cent on the upper surface, smooth on the lower, firm in texture, fading with tones of yellow, red and brown: petioles 7™™—2em long, glabrous, glandular: flowers about 15™™ wide, opening about the 2oth of April and when the leaves are about one-third grown; they are disposed in simple, 3—7-flowered corymbs which terminate short, leafy shoots: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 3-4™™ long, entire or glandular-serrate, reflexed after anthe- sis: stamens 10, the anthers purple: fruit, which ripens and falls in September, subglobose, 8-10™™ thick, at maturity red or red and green, the flesh firm: nutlets 3-5, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 3-4™™ long. Crategus tracunda is not uncommon in the flat woods near Rome, Georgia (type locality). Type specimens, representing flowers (44777) and fruit (44777) from th same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus vicinalis n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 3-6™ tall with a trunk sometimes 14m in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish scaly bark, y r BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 125 the ascending or slightly spreading branches frequently armed with stout, chestnut-brown or gray spines 2-4°™ long: leaves ovate, 2-5°™ long exclusive of the petioles, 1.5—4°™ wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, either rounded, truncate or cordate, or sometimes broadly cuneate at the base, the margins serrate and with short, acute lobes; they are glabrous when fully grown, and at the time of unfolding often bear a few pale hairs near the base of the blades on the upper surface, firm in texture, deep but bright green, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 7™™-2-m long, glabrous: flowers, which open about the first of May and when the leaves are about two-thirds grown, 14-16™™ wide, disposed in simple, 3-—7-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 2-4™™ long, entire or serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 20, the anthers white or -cream-color: fruit, which ripens in October, pyriform, 7-g™™ thick, g-12™™ long, at maturity red or ruddy, the flesh firm: nut- lets 3-5, 6.5-7.5™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypo- style about 5™™ long. Crategus vicinalis grows in woods and on slopes from southeastern Ten- nessee to northwestern Georgia. The type specimens, which are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, were collected at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and represent both flowers (44240) and fruit (842407 **) from the same tree. TENUIFOLIZ Pomes 10-18™™ thick at maturity, subglobose, oblong or oval Bramensenonmally 20 0. 23 ee te Cr basilica Stamens normally 10 .... . . . C. macrosperma Ashe 6 Pomes 6-8™™ thick at maturity, Supalaneues or sjowal Stamens tormally.20° 3... 6. WV hcg Vina ht otis PeeOIGOLG. Stamens fewer .. \.... Se sie a meen eek i AOI SES NSH CF Crategus basilica n. sp. A shrub or small tree 4—-7™ tall, sometimes with a trunk 1-2¢m in diameter, covered with dark gray or brownish scaly bark, the ascending or slightly spreading branches frequently armed with stout chestnut-brown or gray spines 2-6" long: leaves ovate, 56 Journ. E. Mitchell Soc. 162 :73, 1900. 57 Bull. N. C. College Agric. and M. A. No. 175: 114, 1900. 126 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 3-7°" long exclusive of the petioles, 2.5-6.5°™ wide, acute or acu- minate at the apex, broadly cuneate, rounded or truncate at the base, the borders serrate and with several pairs of short, acute lobes ; they are glabrous when fully grown, and when young are sparsely covered on the upper surface with short, pale hairs, ‘bright green, firm in texture, fading in autumn with tenes of yel- low, orange and brown: petioles 1-3 long, glabrous: flowers, which open early in May and when the leaves are about two-thirds grown, 14-17™™ wide, produced in subsimple or compound, gla- brous, 5—15-flowered corymbs, the lower branches of which are axillary: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 4—-5™™ long, entire or serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens 15-20, the anthers purple: fruit, which ripens early in September, subglo- bose, 12-15™™ thick, at maturity red or pruinose-red, the flesh soft, edible: nutlets 3-5, 7-8™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 5™™ long. Crategus basilica grows in woods and clearings and on slopes in the moun- tains of western North Carolina. The type specimens, which are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, were collected near Candler, in Buncombe county, and represent both flowers and fruit from the same tree. Crategus nubicola n. sp. A shrub 1-3™ tall with ashy-gray, scaly bark, the ascending or somewhat spreading branches forming a compact, usually symmetrical outline: leaves ovate, 2-5°™ long exclusive of the petioles, 2-5°™ wide, acute at the apex, rounded or truncate at the base, the borders sharply serrate and with 3-5 pairs of short, acute lobes; they are glabrous at maturity, bright green, firm - in texture, fading with tones of yellow and brown: petioles I-2.5°™ long, glabrous: flowers produced in subsimple or com- pound, 5-10-flowered glabrous corymbs, the lower branches of which arise from the axils of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 4-5™™ long, entire or slightly serrate, reflexed after anthesis: stamens normally 20: fruit, which ripens in Sep- tember, subglobose, 7-9™™ thick, red at maturity: nutlets 3-5, 6-7™m long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 5-6™™ long. ; we oe hae BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 127 Crater cus nubicola inhabits the tops of the high mountains of western North Carolina at elevations above 1,750™. The original specimens, which are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, were collected near the summit of Mt. Pisgah. BERBERIFOLIZ Fruit globose or very nearly so Stamens 15-20 Mature fruit 1°™ or more in diameter Ripe fruit yellow, orange, orange-red or green, often with red cheeks Corymbs and shoots densely hirsute or pubescent-..: .. Se vie 2G. Oerberifoue TV. & G. Corymbs and shoots fille! palesGene . . C. edita Sargent *® Raper aratt, req of scarleti... 0s. ft... GC. fera Mature fruit smaller Anthers yellow or nearly white Pedicels and branches of the corymbs long and’ fexuous. .:. . . . C. mohri Beadle ™ Pedicels short, the aise nanoesieal . €. edura AieersS purple vor purplish. es. ec ab ape Ce Lersa Stamens fewer Mature fruit 1°“ or more in diameter Corymbs and shoots densely hirsute or pubes- GOMEmiee sae oa. a ee aehy ee che 6 CC whelT ie Beacie * Corymbs sparsely pubessede: shoots glabrous SEPHeALIVASO =! etal se Vio wR aay oe ee Cn erke Mature fruit smaller ROCCRSIR SOR pe tt Ss en as NS ahs ws 3 COVE Perea Steere? (Ma ere ewe g cca: ow Ge CCRGKIE Fruit oval or oblong SraIMeMGnmOrimally: 20:2). 5) 2! 4) we eee ee ata Os Cyevecina Stamens fewer Mature fruit yellow, orange or orange-red, often with red cheeks Spines few or wanting: fruit succulent, PIA RENIN Eres adic ge Ns Vn eee a a CY CLOZEEVA Spines numerous: fruit hard, ruddy on the CE Ma MORE Rei yes ssl pay wot nile me, « Cosemestva Beadle ™ RAEVOUPEMER ECU Vos on 6 ee cs 4s) ons e a C. SIGMOLa Beadle® 58 Flora N. Am. I: 469, 1838. 59 Bot. Gaz. BZ : 110, 1902. 60 Bot. Gaz. 28: 416, 1899. 61 B. B. Studies x: 46, 1901. 62 B. B. Studies X: 44, 1901. 63 B. B. Studies XK: 42, 1901. 128 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Crategus fera n. sp. A tree 5-7™ tall with a trunk sometimes 2¢4™ in diameter, covered with dark gray or brownish scaly bark, the spreading branches often armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 2-3:™ long: leaves oblong- or obovate-cuneiform, the blades 2. 5—5°™ long, 1.5-3°™ wide, rounded or obtuse or rarely nearly truncate at the apex, gradually narrowed or sometimes contracted at the base, the borders serrate above the middle; they are dark green, lustrous and slightly scabrous on the upper surface at maturity, pale or whitened beneath and with some persistent pubescence, especially along the midrib, and when young are sparsely coated on both surfaces with short, pale hairs, eventually firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5—-15™™ long, margined, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 12-15™™ in diameter, opening about the middle of April and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are produced in pilose-pubescent, compound, ample corymbs, the lower branches of which are axillary: pedicels and hypanthium pilose-pubescent, or the latter pubescent only at the base: sepals 3-4.5™™ long, entire or serrate, reflexed or spreading after anthe- sis: Stamens 16-20, the anthers yellow or cream-color: fruit globose or subglobose, about 1°™ wide, ripening and falling in September and October, at maturity bright red or scarlet: nutlets mostly 2-3, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 4™™ long. Crategus fera grows in low woods of oak and hickory in southern Louisiana. The type specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium and consist of flowers (#4rz50) and fruit (457372) from the same tree, were collected seven miles west of Opelousas. Crategus edura n. sp. A tree sometimes 7-8™ tall with a trunk 24™ in diameter covered with ashy-gray or brownish, scaly bark, the branches sometimes armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 3-5 long: leaves cuneate or oblong- or obovate-cuneiform, the blades 2.5-6™ long, 1-3°™@ wide, mostly rounded or obtuse, but occasionally acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, the borders serrate or crenate-serrate above the middle; they are glabrate or somewhat BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 129 scabrous on the upper surface at maturity, usually with some pubescence along the midrib beneath, and when young are spar- ingly pubescent on both surfaces, lustrous above, pale below, eventually firm or subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 2-10™™ long, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 10o-14™™ wide, opening about the roth of April and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are produced in small, congested, compound, 5-—12-flowered co- rymbs which terminate short, leafy branchlets: pedicels spar- ingly pilose: hypanthium glabrous or with a few hairs at the base: sepals 3-4.5™™ long, entire or slightly serrate: stamens 16-20, the anthers light yellow or almost white: fruit, which ripens and falls in September, subglobose, 8—g™™ thick, at matu- rity orange-yellow with red or ruddy cheeks: nutlets mostly 2-3, 6-7m™m long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about two-thirds the length of the nutlet. _Crate@gus edura grows in upland woods near Opelousas, Louisiana (type locality) . The type material, consisting of flowers (44738) and fruit (#47378?) from the same tree, is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus tersa n. sp. A tree 4—6™ tall with a trunk sometimes 1.5—-2¢2™ in diameter clothed with dark gray or brownish scaly bark, the spreading brauches forming a wide crown: leaves oblong- or obovate-cunei- form, the blades 2-6™ long, 1-4.5°™ wide, rounded or obtuse, or on leading shoots slightly pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the borders serrate or crenate-serrate above the middle; they are lustrous and glabrous or slightly scabrous on the upper surface at maturity, more or less pubescent beneath, and when young are sparsely pubescent on the upper surface, and below are coated with pale hairs, especially and densely so along the midrib, bright green, eventually sub- coriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5—-15™™ long, margined, pubescent, at least when young: flowers, which open about the middle of April and when the leaves are almost fully grown, 15-18™™ wide, produced in compound, many-flowered, pilose-pubescent corymbs: pedicels 130 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES and hypanthium pilose-pubescent: stamens 18-20, the anthers purplish: fruit subglobose, 8-9g™™ thick, ripening in October, ruddy at maturity: nutlets mostly 2-3, about 6™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about 4™™ long. Crategus tersa grows in upland woods near Opelousas, Louisiana (type locality). The original specimens, representing flowers (A/47¢z2) and fruit (#5724) from the same tree, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus arta n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 3—4™ tall, the trunk or main stems clothed with dark gray or brownish scaly bark: branches spread- ing or ascending, freely armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines 2.5-5°™ long: leaves cuneate, obovate- or oblong-cuneiform, rarely elliptic, the blades 2-4¢™ long, 1-2°™ wide, or larger on leading shoots, rounded or pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the borders serrate above the middle; they are glabrous or with a few hairs along the midrib, especially on the upper surface, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, bright green and lustrous above, pale beneath, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 2-10™™ long, sparingly pubescent when young, mainly on the upper surface and margins: flowers, which open about the first of May, about 15™™ wide, borne in narrow, close, 4—8-flowered corymbs: pedicels 4—10™™ long, more or less pubescent: hypanthium glabrous or with a few hairs near the base: stamens normally to, the anthers purplish: fruit subglobose or short-ovoid, about 1°™ thick, ripening early in October, at maturity yellow-green or orange with red cheeks: nutlets mostly 2-3, 7-8™™ long, the lateral surfcaes nearly plane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long. Crat@gus arta grows on the limestone hills of middle Tennessee, and was originally collected near Nashville. The type specimens, consisting of flowers (2756) and fruit (473244) from the same individuai, are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus torva n. sp. A large shrub or small tree 3—4™ tall with dark gray or brown- ish scaly bark, the spreading or ascending branches freely armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines sometimes 8™ long: leaves ee ee EEE ee ee SE SD Fo ea BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 131 obovate, elliptic or cuneiform, or on leading shoots sometimes oval, the blades 2-5°™ long, 1-3°™ wide, or larger on the shoots, either pointed or rounded at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the borders serrate above the middle; they are glabrous or glabrate at maturity and when young are slightly pubescent on both surfaces, bright green and lustrous, either smooth or slightly scabrous in age on the upper surface, paler beneath, eventually subcoriaceous in texture, fading with . tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 2-10™™ long, mar- gined, pubescent, at least when young: flowers, which open early in May, about 15™™ wide, borne in compound, many-flowered, more or less pilose-pubescent corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium pilose or glabrate: sepals 3-4™™ long, entire or sparingly serrate, reflexed or spreading after anthesis: stamens 7-10, the anthers purplish: fruit subglobose, 7-9™™ in diameter: nutlets mostly 2-3, 6-7™™ long, the lateral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle about two-thirds as long as the ventral angle. Crategus torva grows in woods and on hills in Alabama and Georgia, and is rather common near Birmingham, Alabama (type locality). The type specimens, representing both flowers (42279) and fruit (B88), are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus denaria n. sp. A tree 5-7™ tall with a trunk sometimes 2¢™ in diameter, covered with dark gray or brownish scaly bark, the spreading branches, which are often armed with stout spines 2-3.5°™ long, forming a wide crown: leaves oval, oblong-obovate or elliptic, or on leading shoots broadly oval, ovate or obovate, the blades 2.5-6 long, 1-4°™ wide, mostly pointed at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base, the borders serrate; they are glabrous at maturity and when young bear a few pale weak hairs along the base of the midrib on the upper surface, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, bright green and lustrous above, pale beneath, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5™™~2-™ long, margined, glabrous or with a few hairs on the upper side, espe- cially when young: flowers 13-16™™ wide, opening towards the end of April and when the leaves are almost or quite grown; they are produced in compound, many-flowered, more or less pilose corymbs, the lower branches of which are axillary: pedicels and 132 BILTMORE BOTANICAL SLOUDIES hypanthium sparingly pilose or glabrous: sepals 4-6™™ long, entire or slightly serrate, reflexed or spreading after anthesis: stamens normally 1o: fruit globose or subglobose, 6—-g™™ thick, the flesh thin and firm: nutlets 3—5, 5-6™™ long, the lateral sur- .faces nearly plane: hypostyle about 4™™ long. Crate@gus denaria grows on or near the banks of streams in eastern Missis- sippi and is not uncommon at Columbus (type locality). The original specimens, consisting of flowers (#58) and fruit (/737796), are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus crocina n. sp. A tree 4-6™ tall with a short trunk sometimes 1-1.59™ in diameter, covered with ashy-gray or brownish-black scaly bark, the spreading branches forming a wide crown: leaves oblong- or obovate-cuneiform, the blades 2-5.5™ long, 1-3°™ wide, either rounded or pointed at the apex, cuneate at the base, the borders serrate, except near the base; they are bright green and glabrous or glabrate on the upper surface at maturity, pale or whitened and pubescent beneath, especially along the midrib and principal veins, and when young are more or less pubescent on both sur- faces, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, mar- gined, pubescent, at least when young: flowers 12-16™™ wide, opening about the zoth of April and when the leaves are almost or quite fully grown; they are produced in subsimple or compound, few- to many-flowered corymbs, the lowest branches of which are axillary: pedicels and hypanthium pilose-pubescent: sepals 3.5-5™™ long, entire or slightly serrate, spreading or reflexed after anthesis: stamens normally 20, the anthers yellow: fruit, which ripens in October, oval or oblong, 8—11™™ thick, yellow at ma- turity: nutlets usually 2, about 7™™ long, the ventral surface nearly plane: hypostyle 4-5™™ long. Crate@gus crocina is common in low woods seven miles west of Opelousas, Louisiana (type locality), growing with oaks, hickories, gums and dogwoods. The type specimens, which are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, repre- sent both flowers (7zr52) and fruit (4/5737) from the same tree. Crategus albicera n. sp. A tree sometimes 7-8™ tall with a trunk 29™ in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish scaly bark, the spreading BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 133 branches forming a wide, symmetrical crown: leaves oval, elliptic or oblong, sometimes obovate or oblong-cuneiform, the blades 2-6 long, 1-4°™ wide, mostly pointed at the apex, contracted or narrowed at the base, the borders serrate, mostly above the mid- dle ; they are dark green, lustrous and glabrate on the upper sur- face at maturity, pale or whitened and pubescent beneath, the pubescence dense and more persistent along the midrib and prin- cipal veins, and when young are pubescent on both surfaces, eventually firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 2-10™™ long, pubes- cent: flowers, which open early in April and when the leaves are two-thirds or more grown, produced in hirsute-pubescent, com- pound corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium hirsute-pubescent : sepals 3-4™™ long, slightly serrate or entire, spreading or reflexed after anthesis: stamens 1o—14, the anthers purple: fruit, which ripens in August, oblong, 8-12™™ thick, to-14™™ long, pale yellow at maturity, the flesh soft and edible: nutlets solitary or in pairs, about 7™™ long, the ventral surface nearly plane: hypostyle about 4mm long. Crategus albicera often forms a fine symmetrical tree, and is common in the region about Opelousas, Louisiana (type locality). The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. CRUS-GALLI Stamens 7-12 Fruit subglobose or oval Anthers rose-color or purplish Inflorescence in ample, spreading corymbs: fruit BEAR evar Reins War mat lc: ones Soe os Sieg kn, C. crus-galli L.* Inflorescence in small, short corymbs: fruit 5-8™™ ELE Oe ee steer ae are AG SOO ER Soe Pare C. macra Anthers yellow or nearly white _Leaves oval, broadly ovalor elliptic .......C. regalis Leaves obovate:or cuneiform. ......4.4+6+s C. algens Fruit globose, 5—-8™™ in diameter Ripe fruit bright, shining red : spines slender, 1-4™ long. C. Ayracanthoides Ripe fruit pruinose, dull red: spines stout, 3-5™ long . C. armata Stamens more numerous Anthers light yellow. .... ae aaa Sai sees Wad gtk sia C. arborea Senne We eA NBER on ak oe sce, oe a ee le ce C. bushi Sarg.® 64 Sp. Pl. 476, 1753. 65 Bot. Gaz. BB: 109, 1902. 134 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES Crategus macra n. sp. | A small tree with a low, flat, spreading top, or a large, spread- ing shrub 2—-5™ tall with one or more stems covered with dark gray or brownish scaly bark, the branches freely armed with stout, _chestnut-brown or gray spines 2.5-5.5°™ long, or on the largest branches and stems the thorns are usually compound and some- times 1-1.59™ long: leaves cuneate or oblong- or obovate-cunei- form, the blades 2-5™ long, 8™m_2-m wide, either rounded or pointed at the apex, cuneate at the base, the borders serrate above the middle; they are glabrous and lustrous on the upper surface, pale beneath, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 3-10™™ long, margined: flowers about 12™™ wide, opening about the first of May and when the leaves are two-thirds grown; they are pro- duced in small, short, compound, glabrous corymbs, the lowest branches of which are axillary: pedicels and hypanthium gla- brous: sepals 3~4.5™™ long, mostly entire, spreading or reflexed after anthesis: stamens about 10, the anthers purplish: fruit, which ripens in September and October, subglobose or oval, 5—8™m broad, red at maturity: nutlets 1-3, 6-7™™ long, the lateral or ventral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 3-4™™ long. Crategus macra is abundant in the flat woods of northwestern Geer especially at Rome (type locality). The original specimens, which are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium, represent both flowers (42250) and fruit (422507) from the same tree. Crategus regalis n. sp. A tree sometimes Io™ tall with a trunk 2-34™ in diameter, cov- ered with ashy-gray or brownish scaly bark, the ascending and spreading branches often armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines: leaves oval, broadly oval or elliptic, the blades 3-8 ™ long, I.5-5°™ wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, contracted or broadly cuneate at the base, the borders serrate and on leading shoots often incised ; they are glabrous, or when young bear a few weak hairs along the midrib and on the upper surface, bright green and lustrous above, pale beneath, firm to subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined: flowers 12-14™™ wide, opening a BILTMORE, BOTANICAL STUDIES 135 the last of April and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are produced in glabrous, compound, many-flowered corymbs, the lowest branches of which arise from the axils of leaves: pedi- cels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 4-5™™ long, linear-lanceo- late, entire or remotely serrate, spreading or reflexed after anthe- sis: stamens about 10, the anthers yellow: fruit, which ripens in September and October, oblong, about 8™™ thick and 1°™ long: nutlets mostly 2-3, 7-8™™ long, the lateral or ventral surfaces nearly plane: hypostyle 5-6™™ long. Crategus regaiis often forms a handsome, symmetrical tree, which, on account of its broad, lustrous foliage, is destined to be a favorite in cultivation. Grows in low woods in northwestern Georgia and northern Alabama, and is com- mon in the flat woods near Rome, Georgia (type locality). The original specimens (47272 and 42257) are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus algens n. sp. __A large shrub or small tree 2-5™ tall, sometimes with a short trunk 1—24™ in diameter, clothed with dark gray or brownish-black scaly bark, the ascending and spreading branches frequently armed with stout chestnut-brown or gray spines: leaves obovate- or oblong-cuneiform, sometimes broadly obovate or elliptic, the blades 2-6°™ long, 1.5—4°™ wide, either rounded or pointed at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the borders serrate, at least above the middle; they are glabrous at maturity, bright green and lustrous on the upper surface, pale beneath, and when young bear a few pale hairs along the midrib on the upper surface, eventually firm or subcoriaceous in texture, fading in autumn with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, margined: flowers 12-14™™ wide, opening _at the type station about the middle of May and when the leaves are two-thirds or more grown; they are borne in compound, gla- brous, many-flowered corymbs, the lowest branches of which are axillary: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 4-5.5™™ long, entire or remotely serrate, spreading or reflexed after anthesis: stamens about to, the anthers yellow: fruit, which ripens in Sep tember and October, subglobose or somewhat ovoid, 8—10™m . thick, dull red, or green and red at maturity: nutlets mostly 1-2, 7-8™m long, the ventral surface nearly plane: hypostyle 5™™ long. 136 BILTMORE BOTANICAL SRODIES Crat@gus algens grows in woods and fields from North Carolina to northern Georgia, Alabama and eastern Tennessee, and near Biltmore, N. C. (type locality), is one of the commonest species of the group. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Crategus pyracanthoides n. sp. A shrub or small tree 2-5™ tall, the trunk or main stems clothed with ashy-gray or brownish either smooth or scaly bark, © the branches often armed with chestnut-brown or gray spines r.5-4 long: leaves obovate, oblanceolate or elliptic, the blades 1.5-5™ long, 7™™~-3°m wide, glabrous, acute or rounded at the apex, cuneate at the base, the margins serrate above the middle; they are glabrous, or when young bear a few weak hairs along the midrib on the upper surface, bright green and lustrous above, pale green beneath, eventually firm or subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 2-10™™ long, margined: flowers, which open early in April and when the leaves are almost fully grown, produced in compound, glabrous, many-flowered corymbs: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 2.5-4°™ long, entire or remotely serrate, spreading or reflexed after anthesis: stamens 7-12, the anthers purplish: fruit, which ripens in September, globose or nearly so, 5-8™™ in diameter, bright red at maturity: nutlets mostly 2, 5-6™™ long, the ventral surface nearly plane: hypostyle about half the length of the nutlet. | Crategus pyracanthoides grows on the banks of the Chipola river, near Marianna, Florida (type locality). The type specimens (42090, B20907 and 41075) are preserved in the Bilt- more Herbarium. Crategus armata n. sp. A shrub or small tree 2-5™ tall, the short trunk or main stems covered with ashy-gray or brownish, scaly bark: branches ascend- ing and spreading, freely armed with stout chestnut-brown or gray spines 3-6 long: leaves oblong- or obovate-cuneiform, the blades 2-4 long, 1-2°™ wide, or on leading shoots oval, 2.5—-3.5°™ wide, rounded, mucronate or even acute at the apex, wedge-shaped or more abruptly contracted at the base, the margins serrate above the middle or occasionally subentire; they are glabrous, bright green and lustrous on the upper surface at maturity, pale beneath, BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 137 subcoriaceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, brown and orange: petioles 5—10™™ long, margined: flowers produced in compound, glabrous, many-flowered corymbs, the lowest branches of which arise from the axils of leaves: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 2.5-4™™ long, entire or shghtly serrate, spreading or reflexed after anthesis: stamens 7-10: fruit, which ripens in September and October, globose or nearly so, 5-8™™ wide, dull red, pruinose: nutlets 1-2, 6—7™™ long, the ventral surface nearly plane: hypostyle 3—-4™™ long. Crat@gus armata grows on the limestone hills and ridges of middle Tennes- see and northern Alabama, and near Nashville, Tennessee (type locality), is rela- tively common. The type specimens (#777 and #7269) are preserved in the Biltmore Her- barium. Crategus arborea n. sp. A tree sometimes 8-10™ tall with a trunk 2—34™ in diameter, covered with dark gray, fissured, exfoliating bark, the spreading or ascending branches, which are usually unarmed, forming a wide crown: leaves obovate-cuneiform or oblanceolate, the blades 2-6 long, 12™m_,4cm wide, rounded or pointed at the apex, wedge- shaped at the base, the margins serrate except at the base or below the middle; they are glabrous, bright green and lustrous on the upper surface, pale and glabrous beneath, firm to subcoria- ceous in texture, fading with tones of yellow, orange and brown: petioles 5-15™™ long, winged or margined: flowers 12—-15™™ wide, opening about the middle of April and when the leaves are almost fully grown; they are produced in glabrous, compound, many- flowered corymbs, the lower branches of which are axillary: pedi- cels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals 2.5-4™™ long, mostly entire, spreading or reflexed after anthesis: stamens about 20, the anthers light yellow: fruit, which ripens in September and October, glo- bose or subglobose, 6-g™™ thick, red or ruddy at maturity: nutlets mostly 2, about 7™™ long, the ventral surface nearly plane: hypo- style 4—5™™ long. Crate@gus arborea grows in pine woods, mostly in clay soil, at Montgomery, Alabama (type locality). The original specimens (42r70 and £2770") are preserved inthe Biltmore Herbarium.— C. D..Beadle. STUDIES IN THE GENUS AMORPHA Having recently both occasion and opportunity to give con- - siderable study to the species of the genus Amorpha occurring in the southeastern portion of the United States, the writer has become convinced that there are a number of well marked forms now unrecognized in the classification adopted by current bota- nies. Besides the species usually admitted to the genus and those © described below, there is little doubt that a careful and more extended study of certain forms, both in the field and subjected to cultivation, will reveal others with valid and constant characters. In pursuing my studies I have had spread before me in addition to the specimens in the Biltmore Herbarium, the material of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, the Missouri Botanical Gardens, United States National Herbarium and the Philadel- phia Academy of Sciences. The writer wishes to acknowledge with grateful thanks the assistance accorded him by the gentle- men in charge of the respective collections. Amorpha montana n. sp. A glabrous, much-branched shrub 1-2™ high. Leaves 7-15: long; leaflets s—1g9, ovate, oblong-ovate or oval, 2-5°™ long, thin, glabrous on both surfaces, obtuse, often emarginate, rounded or subcordate at the base: racemes usually clustered, 6-15°™ long, glabrous: calyx campanulate, about 3™™ long, the sepals very shallow and sparsely ciliate: standard orbicular, short clawed, about 7™ long: legume 7-8™™ long, rounded on the ventral edge, nearly straight on the dorsal, light brown, marked with a few small glands. Amorpha montana differs from A. virgata Small,® with which it has been confounded, by its much-branched habit, by having thin, perfectly glabrous leaf- lets and by the very short sepals, which in fruit are often but a wavy border. It is common in the mountains and foothills of North and South Carolina, Tennes- see, Alabama and Georgia. The type material was collected at Biltmore, N. C., and is represented by specimens distributed by the Biltmore Herbarium as No. 14, Biltmore, N. C., May 13 and August 29, 1896. 66 Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 24:17, 1894... ! , (138) BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 139 Amorpha nitens n. sp. A branching, nearly glabrous shrub 1.5-3™ high with glossy, chestnut-brown twigs and shining leaves. Leaves 12—25°™ long ; leaflets 7-19, thin, oblong-ovate or ovate, 2-6 long, obtuse, rounded at the base, lower surface dull and sparsely pubescent or glabrate, the upper surface appearing when fresh as if varnished : racemes slender, usually solitary, 12-25°™ long: calyx obconic, about 3™™ long: sepals short and rounded, or the three lower short-pointed, ciliate on the margins: legume about 7™™ long, narrow, much curved and nearly glandless. The very glossy leaves and twigs in the growing plants are striking characters. The much-curved legumes suggest 4. fruticosa L.,* but in the last named spe- cies they are conspicuously marked with raised glands, while in 4. mztens they are glandless, or nearly so. 3 The habit and leaf characters are more like A. Ah lds Small, 1. c., which, on the contrary, has dull or glaucous twigs. The type material was collected in a swamp near Waynesboro, Georgia, July 24, 1900, and is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. AMORPHA ANGUSTIFOLIA (Pursh) A, fruticosa angustifolia Pursh. A much-branched shrub 1.5-3™ high, the young growth finely strigose-pubescent with grayish hairs. Leaves 7~2c°™ long; leaf- lets, 9-27, elliptic to linear-oblong, 2-4 long, mostly acute at both ends, the midrib projecting in a prominent awn-like cusp, both surfaces. minutely puberulent: racemes single or a fewina cluster, 5—20°™ long: calyx about 3.5™™ long, the two upper sepals rounded, the lower sharp-pointed, the middle one the longest: standard broadly obovate, short clawed, 4.5-5™™ long: legume 6-7™m long, strongly curved, distinctly marked with raised glands. Banks of streams, Texas and northward. AMORPHA TEXANA MOLLIS nom. nov. A. l@vigata pubescens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:49, 1852. Not A. pub- escens Willd. or Schlecht. The above form apparently differs only from A. ¢exana Buckley 8 in having all the parts clothed with fine, soft tomentum. It can- 87 Sp. Pl. 713, 1753. 68 Proc. Acad, Phila. X86: 452, 1861. 140 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES not properly be referred to 4. /evigata Nutt.® which, according to Nuttall and my own observations, has the leaflets attenuate at the base, a glabrous calyx and very long racemes. Both A. texana and its variety have leaflets with rounded bases, a pubescent calyx and short racemes. A. paniculata T. & G.7™ is so very different from A. . texana mollis, as exemplified by the very rugose or veiny leaflets and different inflorescence, that there seems to be no good reason for confounding them, as was done by Watson.71 AMORPHA TENNESSENSIS Shuttlw. Ind. Sem. Lips. 1848, 1 (Lin- nea 24: 191, 1851). This species, contrasted with A. fruticosa L. |. c., its nearest relative, may be recognized by the relatively smaller legumes and the smaller and much more numerous leaflets, especially those which are borne on the twigs and shoots produced after the flower- ing season. Grows on the banks of streamis in middle Tennessee, and is distributed eastward to North Carolina and southward to Georgia and Alabama.—F. E. Boynton. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, \ Biltmore, N. C. 69 Torr. & Gray. Fl. N. A: 1: 306, 1838. 70 Fl. N. A. I : 306, 1838. 71 Bibliog. Index 1: 188, 1878. SE a ee Ee ee * ict a dt te i Oe a TWO NEW SOUTHERN SPECIES OF COREOPSIS Coreopsis falcata n. sp. A glabrous perennial herb 8-124" high. Stem stout, erect, hollow, corymbosely-branched near the summit, round, striate, leafy to the branches: radical and lower leaves scythe-shaped, 2—34m long including the petioles, 1-2°™ broad, terminating in a rather blunt point, entire or with one or more narrow, ascending lobes, gradually narrowed below into a winged petiole which is enlarged at the base and forms a clasping sheath; upper stem leaves narrower, sessile by a clasping base, usually with 2-4 very narrow lateral lobes, the terminal portion of the blade long and curved ; leaves of the branches much reduced in size or bract-like : heads several, 3—-5°™ broad including the rays: outer involucral bracts lanceolate, 5-7™™ long, the inner about one-third longer than the outer, oblong-elliptic to broadly ovate, thin, marked with purple lines: chaff of the receptacle linear, acute, tipped with red : rays orange-yellow, three-lobed, the middle lobe the largest, rounded or sometimes notched at the apex: ovary minutely hispid on the margins: pappus a pair of straight awns: ripe achenes not seen. The species above proposed is evidently related to C. longzfolia Small ? and C. gladiata Walt. The longer outer involucral bracts of C. falcata, together with its more robust habit and peculiar leaves, present characters which serve to distinguish it from both species mentioned. The original specimens were collected in shallow water near Pembroke, N. C.., June, 1901. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Coreopsis stenophylla n. sp. A glabrous, annual or short-lived perennial herb 3—-44™ high. Stem stiff and wiry, usually several from the same base, striate, leafy throughout: leaves firm, erect or ascending, opposite, nar- rowly linear to filiform, 2-6c™ long, the lower sometimes 2™™ wide and narrowed into slender petioles; the upper 1™™ or less wide, often with one or two filiform, lateral segments: heads several, 72 Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 22 : 47, 1895. 73 Fiora Carol. 215, 1788. (141) 142 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 2-3" broad including the rays: exterior involucral bracts 1-2mm long, the inner 5-6™™ long, ovate, thin, dark red with a narrow border of a lighter color: chaff of the receptacle linear, acute, dark red as also are the disk florets: rays bright yellow, obovate, _with three rounded lobes at the summit: achenes oblong to ellip- tic-oblong, 1.5—2™™ long, bordered by a narrow, entire wing which is about one-third as wide as the body: pappus consisting of two blunt, short teeth. Coreopsis stenophyla is related to C. cardaminefolia (DC.)T.& G."* The wiry stems and crowded, erect leaves which are mostly longer than the internodes, give C. stenophylla a very different aspect, and these characters serve to dis- tinguish it from any form of the above mentioned species. The type material was collected in pine woods near Hammond, Louisiana, September 17, 1900, and is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium,—F. E. Boynton. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, N. C. 74 Fl. N. Am. 2: 346, 1842. Eee rl eS re —o— — ’ norree ROM A COLLECTOR'S FIELD -BOOK A few notes from a collector’s field-book may prove of interest to other collectors and will, perhaps, throw some light on the distribution and habitats of some of the species mentioned. LEITNERIA FLORIDANA Chapm. Flora S. U. S. ed. 1, 428, 1860. While exploring a swamp along the Altamaha river, some twenty miles above its mouth, in July, 1901, I found a new station for this rare shrub. It was growing in black alluvial soil on the margin of the swamp and bordering a cultivated field — quite a different habitat from that of the original speci- mens which Dr. Chapman gathered in ‘‘salt or brackish marshes.” At this station the plants are quite abundant, growing to a height of two or three meters, their luxuriance evidently indicating a thriving condition. QuERCUS GEORGIANA M. A. Curtis. Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2, 7: 406, 1849. Three stations, other than those already published, have been noted by the writer, all in Georgia: at Winder, Jackson county, on a granite outcrop, where were also found Gymnolomia porteri A. Gray, Solidago yadkinensis (Porter) Small,” Kneifia lintfolia (Nutt.) Spach,77 and other plants which are associated with it at the original or Stone Mountain station; at Rockmart, Polk county, on a rough hill of broken slate, and at Warm Springs, Meriwether county, where it becomes a tree 1.5—24™ in diameter and 12—16™ high. These stations extend the range of the species at least seventy-five miles westward and about one hundred miles to the south. Utmus serotina Sargent. Bot. Gaz. 27: 92, 1899. I note one station in Alabama for this rare elm which Dr. Mohr in his ‘‘ Plant Life of Alabama’ does not mention and which has 75 Proc. Am. Acad. £2: 59, 1877. 76 Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 22: 368, 1895. 77 Nouv. Ann. Mus. Par. 4: 368, 1835. (143) 144 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES probably not been published. On a limestone ridge north of Birmingham, in Jefferson county, it is quite plentiful. Flowering specimens were collected there September 18, 1899. Thin lime- stone soil seems to offer the most favorable natural conditions for this tree, and the soil is of this character at all of the several ‘stations where I have seen it growing. HICORIA CAROLIN-SEPTENTRIONALIS Ashe. Notes on Hickories, 1896. | I find this species rather common throughout the Piedmont region of South Carolina and Georgia and have collected it as far west as Birmingham, Alabama. I have found it growing in the flatwoods, which are mostly low, clay lands, rather wet or at times inundated, where it probably attains its greatest size, and also, in contrast with the above, growing in thin soil on rocky or gravelly hills, mostly of limestone formation. The largest speci- men I have recorded is 7.54™ in diameter, a tree growing in the low woods near Clinton, South Carolina. FRAXINUS CAROLINIANA Mill. Dict. ed. 8, No. 6, 1768. I found this tree during the season of Igor at two stations in North Carolina, growing, it seems to me, under rather unusual conditions. At Rockingham it is quite common along the margin of a millpond in red clay soil, and at Wadesboro it is growing among the boulders of the rocky bed of a small stream. My former collections have always been from river swamps or black alluvial soil near streams. ACER LEUCODERME Small. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 22: 367, 1895. This maple seems quite widely distributed. I have collected it at many points, always in thin, rocky soil near streams. A few stations that occur to me are Rome, Athens and Augusta in Georgia; Dadeville, Collinsville and Birmingham in Alabama, and at Chattahoochee, Florida. ILEX GLABRA (L.) A. Gray. Manual, ed. 2, 264, 1856. What seems an unusual station for this shrub is one near Carrollton, Georgia, where I found the species in a small swamp BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 145 on October 3, 1901. This point is in the red clay country and at least two hundred and fifty miles from the coast. FOTHERGILLA MAJOR Lodd. Bot. Cab. 1@: t.1520, 1830. Collected along the rocky banks of the stream above Toccoa Fails at Toccoa, Georgia, thus adding one more station to the few already known for this shrub. PRUNUS CUTHBERTI Small. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 28: 290, 1901. Collected at Warm Springs, Meriwether county, Georgia, also a single specimen noted at Hawkinsville, Georgia, the past season. BERBERIS CANADENSIS Mill. Dict. ed. 8, No. 2, 1768. While at Augusta, Georgia, | was shown a locality where, in rather thin, rocky soil in shady woods, quite a quantity of this shrub was growing. This station marks, possibly, the southern limit of its range. Elliott? notes a point on the Santee river near Eutaw Springs, in about the same latitude as Augusta. So far as I know the Augusta station has never been published, although it has been known for some time to the Messrs. Berck- mans, on whose land it occurs, as well as to Mr. A. Cuthbert of Augusta. RuHus MICHAUXI Sargent, Gard. and Forest, $: 404, 1895. Found in abundance at a station in Moore county, North Carolina, in light sandy soil. Pieces of the characteristic stolons could be pulled up, several meters in length, with the short upright stems (2-34™ long) attached. Hardly in bloom June 12, 1901. A few plants were also seen on the edge of a cultivated field near Roswell, Cobb county, Georgia, during the season of Igoo. KALMIA CUNEATA Michx. Flora, 1: 257, 1803. A new station for this rare kalmia was found in Moore county, North Carolina. It was not common, although a few plants were found at several points some miles apart, growing along the margins of swamps. In bloom June 12, Igor. 78 Bot. S. C. and Ga. 4: 412, 1821. 146 BILTMORE: BOTANICAL STUDIES PRUNUS INJUCUNDA Small. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25 :149, 1898. Collected quite frequently. A few points I note are as fol- lows: Meriwether, Cobb, Gwinnett, Jackson and Bibb coun- ties, Georgia, and at Trenton, South Carolina. At Warm Springs, . Georgia, a sport with double flowers’ was frequently observed growing with the normal form. ZENOBIA PULVERULENTA (Willd.) Pollard. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 22: 232.) E805: I found a small patch of this beautiful shrub in full bloom June 2, 1901, in the pine barrens near Florence, South Carolina. I also made collections in Robeson and Moore counties, North Carolina, where it is rather more common, at least at some points, than is Z. cassinefolia (Vent.) Pollard,” with which it was for years. confused or at most considered ‘only varietally distinct. The delicately shaded bluish-gray foliage and large campanulate flow- ers present characters which should place this species among garden shrubs, wherever it will prove hardy. TRACHELOSPERMUM DIFFORME (Walt.) A. Gray. Syn. Flora 2: Parti i6S5,, Kozo: ) An abundance of this peculiar woody vine was found in a swamp along the Black river near Kingstree, South Carolina, in full flower May 31, Igot. PHILADELPHUS HIRSUTUS Nutt. Gen Am. ¥: 301, 1818. My first collections of this species in Georgia were made in 1899 on the cliffs of the Coosa river at Rome, and also in June of the same year on the rocky slopes of Kennesaw Mountain. It is also frequent in moist soil along the brow of the precipitous rocks on the west side of Lookout Mountain, near Chattanooga, Ten- nessee. HYPERICUM DOLABRIFORME Vent. Hort. Cels. pl. 45, 1800. My first collection of this species was made in Chickamauga Park, Dade county, Georgia, in July, 1899. It was common over quite an area of thin limestone soil. 79 Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 22 : 231, 1805. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 147 ISOETES BUTLERI Engelm. Coult. Bot. Gaz. 3:1, 1878. On the same date and at the same locality mentioned in the last note, I found an abundance of this species growing in a shallow depression, which, although almost dry at the time of my visit, is doubtless at times filled with water. The plants were growing in sticky mud. | BaPTISIA SERENZ M. A. Curtis. Am. Journ. Sci. (1) 7: 406, 1845. This rare Baptisia was collected this season at Augusta, Georgia, and also at Aiken, South Carolina. Both stations were in dry, sandy, pine woods. ASPLENIUM BRADLEY D. C, Eaton. Bull. Torr. Club, 4:11, 1873. Collected on the Etowah river near Cartersville, Georgia, from the crevices of an overhanging cliff, where it was associated with A. pinnatifidum Nutt.80 These two species are often found grow- ing side by side, and I have several times collected them under such conditions. RUDBECKIA TRUNCATA Small. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 25: 478, 1808. Collected at Cedartown, Georgia, in full flower October 4, Ig01.. Abundant in low grounds near a small stream. POLYGALA RUGELI Shuttlw. Chapm., Coult. Bot. Gaz. 3:4, 1878 Paud iiora S. U. S. suppl. 613,.1882. Collected in September, 1go1, in low grounds near Tavares, Florida. It grows in similar situations as does its more common relative, P. /utea L.,81 which it somewhat resembles, but from which it may readily be distinguished by its larger size and /zght yellow instead of orange-colored flowers. POLYGALA BALDWINI Nutt. Gen. 2: go, 1818. Taken at the same station as noted under the last heading. 80 Gen. 2: 251, 1818. 81 Sp. Pl. 705, 1753. 148 BILTMORE BOTANICAL. STUDIES TRILLIUM LANCEOLATUM Boykin, S. Watson Proc. Am. Acad. 14 :274, 1879. ne The only station I have ever found for this rare Trillium is on the western slope of Lookout mountain, in Hamilton county, Ten- nessee. It was growing in rocky soil, in shade. 3 EUPHORBIA MERCURIALINA Michx. Flora 2:212, 1803. This species, which seems to be but poorly known, I found among broken rocks on the slopes of Lookout Mountain, near Chattanooga, Tennessee. I have also taken it on the cliffs of the Coosa river, near Rome, Georgia. NYMPH#A SAGITT£FOLIA Walt. Fl. Car. 155, 1788. Collected near Fayetteville, North Carolina, the past season, where I found it growing in small ponds together with its more common relative, VV. advena Soland.® Gerardia georgiana n. sp. While collecting in the pine barrens near Cordele, Dooly county, Georgia, in September, 1go1, I found a gerardia which was so strikingly different from any I had seen before that I at once decided it must be new. Later comparisons with herbarium specimens bear out this assumption, and I, therefore, adopt the above name and append the following description: Annual, 3-5¢™ high: stem obscurely four-angled, minutely roughened, much-branched: branches long and ascending, the lower frequently equaling the main axis in length: leaves linear, 1—1.5°™ long, acute at the apex, tapering from below the middle to a slender base, about 1™™ wide, scabrous above, smooth beneath, the margins revolute: flowers mostly alternate: pedicels stout, erect, about as long as the calyx: calyx campanulate, 2-3™™ long: sepals triangular-subulate, 1-1.5™™ long: corolla small, rarely over 1° long, the tube funnel-form or but slightly swollen, some- what villous in the throat; corolla-lobes nearly equal, spreading, rounded, ciliate on the margins: stamens nearly equal, the fila- ments of the longer pair together with the anthers, which are mu- 82 Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 226, 1789. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 149 cronate at the base of the sacs, villous: capsule spherical, 3-4™m in diameter. ! Gerardia georgiana grows in moist, sandy soil in pine barrens. From the axils of most of the leaves is borne a small branchlet which bears from five to ten small leaves, having much the appearance of being disposed in fascicles, thereby giving the stem a densely leafy appearance up to the inflorescence. The densely leafy stems and very small flowers present characters so different from other gerardias that it seems almost unnecessary to contrast this species with others. Perhaps it is nearer G. purpurea fasciculata (Ell.) Chapm.,® but its smaller size, smaller flowers and nearly straight corolla tubes, which are less villous within, together with its stamen characters, easily separate it from this form. The type specimens are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium. SMILAX PUMILA Walt. Fl. Car. 244, 1788. I collected this species in flower at Columbus, Georgia, Sep- tember 28, 1901, and also note it from St. John’s Island near Charleston, South Carolina. LYSIMACHIA ASPERULAFOLIA Poir. Encl. Suppl. 3: 477, 1823. A station for this rare lysimachia was located in Cumberland county, North Carolina, during the past season, where it is quite common in low, wet grounds near small streams. In flower June 5, IQOL. LysIMACHIA LOOMISI Torr. Croom’s Cat. Pl. Newbern, 46, 1837. L. angustifolia Michx , Fl. 4: 128, 1803. Not Lam. L. stricta angustifolia pans Bl. S.J. S...60, 0, 280, 1860; Gray, Syn. Flora,.ed. 2, 2:63, 1886. _ This species, for years ignored and for a time considered a variety under L. stricta Ait.,84 seems to find no place in recent botanical literature. It was found by the writer at a point in Cumberland county, North Carolina, during the past season, where it is quite plentiful in.certain localities. There were no evidences of variations or forms that would indicate a connection with ZL. terrestris (L.) B.S.P.,85 which species does not, to my knowledge, occur in the same locality. Subsequent study and comparison of this material with herbarium specimens of JZ. /er- 88 Flora S. U. S: ed. 1, 300, 1860. 84 Hort. Kew, I: 199, 1789. 85 Pret. Cat. N. Y. 34, 1888. 150 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES vrestris from various sections of the United States, leads me to con- sider Z. Joomisi a valid species, and, in view of its rather obscure publication, I make bold to recharacterize it. Perennial, 3-6 4™ high: stem usually branched near the sum- mit, striate, minutely roughened with blackish glands, or nearly smooth below: leaves sessile, mostly opposite but occasionally alternate, linear, obtuse at the apex, tapering to a slender base, 2—5-m long, 1-3™™ wide, the uppermost, or bracts of the inflores- cence, abruptly reduced in size, 3-5™™ long and about 1™™ wide; they are firm in texture, veinless, the midrib and revolute margins prominent beneath, and on both surfaces appear black or brown- ish-black spots, the lower bearing in addition many small brown glands: axils frequently bearing short branches or fascicles of small leaves: racemes narrow, few-flowered, leafy-bracted, termi- nating the main stem and upper branches, the terminal 6—-10c™ long, those of the branches 2—-5°™ in length: pedicels 3—6™™ long, scarcely exceeding the bracts and of about the same length throughout the racemes: sepals oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2-3™m long, bearing on the edges and sometimes on the outer surface, minute stalked glands: corolla about 1°™ broad, the lobes oval or ovate, acute, yellow with a few brown lines or spots: sta- mens unequal, the filaments dilated below, united near the base and thickly covered, as is the lower portion of the corolla, with minute, yellow, stalked glands: sinuses of the filaments broad, bearing low, triangular teeth or appendages: capsule spherical. Grows in low grounds near streams and was found in flower June 8, 1go1. This species finds its nearest relative in Z. terrestris 1. c., but presents many points of difference. The most obvious characters are found in the somewhat glandular stem, the narrow, linear, obtuse leaves with brown glands on the under surface, the scarcely tapering, less floriferous racemes with their shorter pedicels and longer bracts, the smaller corollas with broader, more acute segments and the tooth-like lobes in the sinuses of the flaments.—C. L. Boynton. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, N. C. A ekKbtCH OF .THE.SAND MOUNTAIN FLORA During the past three years I have made a number of visits to the Sand Mountain region of Alabama, and believing that some of my observations may be of interest I venture to give a few notes from my field-book. The Sand Mountain region, taken in its broadest sense, comprises an area of more than four thousand square miles, lying principally within the counties of Jackson, DeKalb, Marshall, Blount, Cullman and Winston in Alabama, and Dade county in Georgia. This region is drained by the Black Warrior, Coosa and Tennessee rivers. The Sand Mountain proper, as understood by the inhabitants of that region, includes only that portion lying north and east of the depression which separates the main range from its western extension in Blount and Cullman counties and comprises an area of about one thousand six hundred square miles, lying principally within Marshall, Jackson and DeKalb counties in Alabama, and Dade county in Georgia. This table-land is drained by tributaries er ane. lennessee river. Lhe altitude of the’ Sand Mountain plateau varies from three hundred meters in the southern por- tions to five hundred and fifty meters in the northern portion at the crest of the bluff overlooking the Tennessee river, near Bryant, Jackson county, Alabama. The surface rocks of the entire plateau are carboniferous sandstones and conglomerates, and the soil re- sulting from the decompositions of these rocks varies from a coarse rocky, sterile soil on the ridges, to a sandy loam in the swales and small bottoms. In the spring of 1901 I entered this region at Cullman, Cull- man county, Alabama. I had visited this locality in rg00 and found much of interest to me, but the immediate region was so thoroughly explored by the late Dr. Charles Mohr that I can report but little of interest not already mentioned by him. Along a small stream in a rocky wood, associated with Viola tripartita Ell.86 and Anemone guinguefolia L.,87 | found Wadldsteinia 86 Bot.S. C. & Ga. EK: 302, 1817. 87 Sp. Pl. 541, 1753. (151) 152 BILTMORE BOTANICAL, STUDIES lobata (Baldw.) Torr. & Gray.88 This plant, so far as I know, has not been reported from Alabama. Here I found Stuartia malacho- dendron L.®9 and Stuartia pentagyna L’ Her. growing together. A careful search revealed the fact that 772//iawm stamineum Harbison is the most common trilliium in Cullman county. This species seems to be quite rare and local. I also found it near Tuscaloosa, Alabama, the only station outside of Cullman county known to me for this sessile-flowered trillium. From Cullman I drove to Albertville, Alabama, a distance of about forty miles. Albertville is situated about midway between Attalla and Guntersville on a branch of' the N. C. & St. L. Ry. and may be reached from either of these stations in an hour’s time by rail. This is a convenient point for collectors wishing to visit the central portion of the plateau. The average altitude of this part of the table-land is about three hundred and forty meters above sea-level. About five miles from Albertville, along a rocky slope bordering a stream and at an elevation of three hundred meters, associated with Robinia boyntoni Ashe®2 and Viburnum molle Michx.93, I found Rhododendron. catawbiense Michx.% growing lux- uriantly and in full bloom on May to. _ This is, according to my observations, the southern limit of this most beautiful species of rhododendron. | 4 In glades and along streams numerous species of Crategus are found. Jlex longipes Chapm.% is one of the most common shrubs of the region. J/lex beadlet Ashe% and Slex mollis A. Gray are frequently found growing side by side, but very distinct in habit and general appearance. Growing in similar situations, though less common, is found a small smooth holly, apparently a de- pauperate form of Z/ex monticola A. Gray.% In moist, shady situ- ations along streams, I found Fothergilla carolina (L.) Britton.” Acer leucoderme Small1 is a common tree along the rocky slopes near streams. Ribes curvatum Small is abundant, growing in great masses on bluffs along streams and in the rocky glades. 88 Fl. N. Am. 1: 426, 1840. 25 Trelease, Trans. St. Louis Acad. 5:346, 1889. 89 Sp. Pl. 6098, 1753. 96 Bot. Gaz. 24 : 377, 1897. 90 Stirp. 155, t. 74, 1784. 97 Man. ed. 5, 306, 1867. 91 B. B. Studies 1X: 23, Igor. 98 Man. ed. 2, 264 1856. 92 Journ. E. Mitchell Soc. £42 : 51, 1808. 29 Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 180, 1894. 93 Flora, ©: 180, 1803. : 100 Bull. Torr. Club, 22 : 367, 1894. 94 Flora, K:258, 1803. 101 Bull. Torr. Club, 2g : 295, 1896. : 95, Tog BILTMORE BOTANICAL: STUDIES 153 Ribes cynosbati L.02 is sparingly found in shady situations along streams and in the gorges. In shallow soil in the glades and along rocky streams I found Chondrophora virgata (Nutt.) Greene.103_ In the glades and sandy pine woods I found Coreopsis auriculata 1..,104 C. grandiflora Hogg, C. lanceolata L.,1% C. oemlert Ell.1°7 and C, pubescens Ell.1° In a glade near Albertville I collected Solidago rigida L.1 This species is not common in Alabama. Growing out of crevices of rocks along Short creek, three miles from Albertville, 1 found Aypericum dolabriforme Vent.10 This is as far south as I have ever observed this species. Silene caroliniana Walt.41is not rare in dry sandy or rocky woods about Albertville. From Albertville I drove to Pisgah, Jackson county, a dis tance of about fifty miles. Pisgah is a small village on the Sand Mountain four miles from the western escarpment on the road leading from Sublet Ferry on the Tennessee river to Valley Head, _Alabama, on the A. G. S. Ry. The easiest way to reach Pisgah is by private conveyance from Hollywood, a station on the South- | ern Railway in Jackson county, Alabama. The altitude of Pisgah is three hundred and eighty meters and the highest point on the bluff, above Sublet Ferry and overlooking the Tennessee river valley, is about eighty-five meters higher than the village, being four hundred and sixty-five meters above sea- level and two hundred and seventy-five meters above the river. From Pisgah numerous small swamps, rocky glades, several deep gorges and the steep western escarpment of the mountain may be visited in a day’s tramp. This is, I believe, the best point from which to study the Sand Mountain flora. The main channels of drainage of the Sand Mountain table- land have cut deep gorges through the western escarpment, and one of the deepest and most interesting of these gorges, known as the Pisgah ‘‘gulf,’’ begins near Pisgah. The Pisgah gulf is a deep, wild gorge with precipitous walls of sandstone from fifty to one hundred and twenty-five meters high. If the stream is 102 Sp. Pl. 202, 1753. 107 Bot. S. C. and Ga. 2: 435, 1821-24. 103 Erythea ¢ : 91, 1895. 108 Bot. S.C. and Ga. 2: 441, 1821-24. 104 Sp. Pl. 908, 1753. 109 Sp. Pl. 880, 1753. 105 Sweet Brit. Fl. Gard. 2: t. 175, 1825-27. 110 Hort. Cels. t. 45, 1800. 196 Sp. Pl. 908, 1753. Lit Hl, Car. 142,:1788, 154 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES not swollen by heavy rains it is possible to enter this gorge at its head and to follow along the bed of the stream through the gorge into the Tennessee river valley. Before reaching the level of the valley the stream has cut its way through the sandstone to the underlying subcarboniferous limestone. In the spring of ‘1899, with Mr. John Scott of Pisgah as a guide, I went through the gorge, and since then have several times visited this inter- esting spot at different seasons of the year. In this gorge plants of the Alleghanian and Carolinian plant- life areas intermingle. Here Betula lenta L.12 and Tsuga cana- densis (L.) Carr.113 make trees of considerable size. Rhododendron catawbiense Michx.114 and Aydrangea quercifolia Bartr.15 grow side by side. Mydrangea arborescens L.,U6 HA. radiata Walt.47 and Z. cinerea SmallU8 are also found in or along the gorge. Ades cynosbatt L.49 is common among the rocks throughout the gorge above the limestone formation, Dvuervilla rivularis Gattinger 120 is common about the cascades, and on the rocks in dry situations Philadelphus hirsutus Nutt.21 and Aypericum aureum Bart.122 are found. The latter usually found growing in calcareous soil, finds here a congenial habitat on the sandstone, growing luxuriantly and blooming profusely. Along the stream Azalea arborescens Pursh,!3 Llex verticillata (L.) A. Gray, Viburnum cassinoides L.125 and Stuartia pentagyna L’Her.126 are common shrubs. In crevices of rocks along the precipitous walls of the gorge, I found Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.2 On wet rocks I found Arisema triphyllum (L.) Torr.,28 Syndesmon thalictrotdes (L.) Hoffmg. 9 Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong.,1°° Chelone lyont Pursh,#1 Chelone glabra L.,182 Therofon aconitifolia (Nutt.) Maillsp.,183 and Carex costellata Britton.1%4 In several moist shady situations Rudbeckia heliopsidis T. & G.135 was collected. This rudbeckia 112 Sp. Pl. 983, 1753. 124 Man. ed. 2, 264, 1856. 113 Trait. Conif. 185, 1855. 125 Sp. Pl. ed. 2, K: 384, 1762. 114 Flora 1: 258, 1803. 126 Stirp. 155, t, 74, 1784. 115 Travels, 382, t. 7, 1791. 127 Bull. Acad. St. Petersburg I : 66, 1836. 116 Sp. Pl. 397, 1753- 128 Flora N. Y. 2: 239, 1843. 117 Fl. Car. 251, 1788. 129 Flora ¥5: part 2, Intell. Bl. 4, 34, 1832. 118 Bull. Torr. Club, 25 : 148, 1898. 130 Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 114, 1894. 119 Sp. Pl. 202, 1753. 131 Flora Am. Sept. 2:737, 1814. 120 Bot. Gaz. 13: 191, 1888. 132 Sp. Pl. 611, 1753. , 121 Gen. E: 301, 1818. 133 Bull. W. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. 2: 361, 1892. 122 Travels, 383, 1791. 134 Bull. Torr. Club, 22: 223, 1895. 123 Flora Am. Sept. 1: 152, 1816. 135 Fl. N. A. 2:310, 1842. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 155 seems to be rare and local in Alabama. Helianthus longifolius Pursh 136 was collected in dry sunny situations along rocky slopes and on the bluff above the gorge. In the summer of 1899 I col- lected this rare helianthus near Albertville, Alabama. /Parnassia asarifolia Vent.,187 not common in Alabama, grows in several spots along small streams near Pisgah. Vzola hastata Michx.,138 rare in Alabama, is found in shady situations, though never plentifully. Trillium stylosum Nutt.139 is abundant in the region, and is the only species of trillium observed on the table-land about Pisgah. In the sand along Bryant’s creek, I observed Polygonella americana (Fish. & Meyer) Small40 and with it Eriocaulon decangulare L141 In all the small swamps and moist swales in the woods Sarracenia catesbei Ell.42 is found, and a plant common to the swamps is F[elianthus polyphyllus Small.'43 Crategus unifiora Muench. is a common undershrub in the rocky woods and Crategus rubella Beadle is also quite common. The benches and slopes along the western escarpment of the mountain offer a promising field for the collector. Here in many places the primeval forest remains undisturbed. Here Castanca dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.™46 reaches its best development in the state of Alabama. On the table-land the chestnut is almost extinct, Owing in a great measure to the custom of burning the woods to improve the pasturage. On this part of the mountain Polymnia levigata Beadle’ is frequent. I have. traced this species for a distance of seventy-five miles along the mountain, and found it always on the sandstone above the limestone formation. At the base of the mountain, on the limestone formation, I found Neviusa alabamensis A. Gray.¥48 This station is more than one hundred miles from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, the only other station known for this rare shrub. Associated with neviusa are Staphylea trifolia L.,49 Tilia heterophylla Vent.,4° Aristolochia tomentosa Sims,! Calycocarpum lyont (Pursh) Nutt. ,152 Wenispermum canadense 136 Fl. 2:571, 1814. 145 Bot. Gaz. ZO: 344, 1900. 137 Jard. Malm. 39, 1803. 146 Forst. Bot. KE: 741, 1800. 138 Flora 2: 149, 1803. 147 Bot. Gaz. 25 : 278, 1808. 139 Gen. K : 239, 1818. 148 Mem. Am. Acad. n. ser. © : 374, 1859. 140 Mem. Torr. Club, § : 141, 1894. 149 Sp. Pl. 270, 1753. 141 Sp, Pl. 87, 1753. 150 Mem. Acad. Par. 4:16, t. 5, 1802. 142 Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 11, 1821-24. 151 Bot. Mag. t. 1369, 1811. 143 Bull. Torr. Club, 25 : 480, 1898. 152 A, Gray, Gen. Ill. x: 76, 1848. 144 Hausv. 5: 147, 1770. 156 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES L.,153 Cubelium concolor (Forst.) Raf.,4 and Urtica hone a Pursh. 155 From Pisgah I drove up along the mountain to Bryant, a country post office at Moore’s Gap, three miles from Carpenter, a . station on the Southern Railway. The distance from Pisgah-to Bryant is about thirty-five miles as the indirect road runs. The road passes around the ‘‘ breaks” at the head of several ‘‘ gulfs” and numerous small swamps are passed, in all of which Sarracenia catesb@i Ell.6 rnay be found. In the deep shade in several ravines leading into Coon creek gulf, Azalea lutea L.157 was observed. Hitherto, so far as I can learn, this species of azalea has not been credited to Alabama. At Bryant I found an unusually good and homelike boarding house kept by Mr. McGee. Mr. McGee’s house stands near a precipice overlooking the Tennessee and Sequatchie valleys, and a minute’s walk will enable the collector to reach the slopes and benches below the bluff. A walk of forty minutes will take him to the. Devil’s punch-bowl, a deep chasm at the head of a wild gorge. In this gorge I found a flora quite simi- lar to that in the Pisgah gorge, but I observed no plants of Ay- drangea guercifolia Bart.%8 Rhododendron catawbiense Michx.19 is abundant and Azdbes cynosbati L.160 covers the rocks in places. Hypericum dolabriforme Vent.161 was found along the streams in crevices of rocks above the cataract. On exposed rocks along the bluffs Zalinum teretifolium Pursh1® is not rare. | In shallow soil in the glades Scutellaria parvula Michx. 163 is occasionally seen. In open places in the woods and in old fields Senecio smalli Britton164 is a common weed. TZenidia integerrima (L.) Drude,16 not common in Alabama, was found along the bluffs at McGee’s. Under shelving rocks along the bluffs Hez- chera parvifiora Bartl.166 is occasionally found, and in crevices of rocks Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) Walt.167 was observed. In moist shady situations on the ledges of rocks, Szlene rotundifolia Nutt.168 153 Sp. Pl. 340, 1753. 161 Hort. Cels. t. 45, 1800. 154 Jackson, Index Kew., I: 663, 1893. 162 Flora Am. Sept. 2: 365, 1814. 155 Flora Am. Sept. I. :113, 1814. 163 Flora, 2: 11, 1803. 156 Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2:11, 1821-24. 164 Mem. Torr. Club, 4 : 132, 1893. 157 Sp. Pl. 150, 1753. 165 Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. g: abt. 8, 195, 1898. 158 Travels, 382, t. 7, I79I. 166 Ind. Sem. Hort. Gotting, (1838) Lifneza, 159 Flora, & : 258, 1803. 13:96, 1839. 160 Sp. Pl. 202, 1753. 167 Trimen’s Journ. Bot. £2: 48, 1847. 168 Gen. © : 288, 1818. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 157 _was found in several places. Here and there in shady situations I observed Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.169 At several points along the mountain in deep shade I collected Viola canadensis L.170 This is the only station in Alabama where I found this violet. Scutellarta montana Chapm.17 is a common. plant on shaded slopes. On the uppermost of the cherty strata of the sub- carboniferous limestone formation, I found Artstolochia convolvu- facea Small172 abundantly represented. . This species blooms from one to two weeks in advance of Aristolochia serpentaria L.1V73 J collected A. convolvulacea in Coffee county, Tennessee, in 1899, and since then have observed it on Walden’s Ridge, and in the Cumberland mountains of Tennessee, always in more or less sili- ceous soil. On the mountain I observed Aristolochia nashi Kear- ney,14 but A. serpentaria is the more common form. To the already large list of plants indigenous to Alabama we may now add Aypericum dolabriforme Vent.,1%5 Waldsteinia lobata T. & G.,1% Viola canadensis L.,1 Polymnia levigata Beadle,1%8 Robinia boyntont Ashe, Heltanthus polyphyllus Small, Solidago rigida L.,181 Azalea lutea L.,182 Carex costellata Britton18 and Aris- tolochia convolvulacea Small. 184—T. G. Harsison. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, N. C. 169 Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800: pt. 2, 111, 180r. 177 Sp. Pl. 936, 1753. 170 Sp. Pl. 936, 1753- 178 Bot. Gaz. 25 : 278, 1898. 171 Bot. Gaz. g: 11, 1878. 179 Journ, E. Mitchell Soc. 142: 51, 1898. 172 Bull. Torr. Club, 24 : 335, 1897. 180 Bull. Torr. Club, 25 - 480, 1898. 173 Sp. Pl. 96°, 1753. 181 Sp. Pl. 880, 1753. 174 Bull. Torr. Club, 24: 485, 1894. 182 Sp. Pl. 150. 1753. 175 Hort. Cels., t. 45, 1800. 183 Bull. Torr. Club, 22 : 223, 1895. 176 Flora N, A. 1: 426, 1840. 184 Bull. Torr. Club, 24 : 335, 1897. NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES OF TRILEIUE Se Trillium decumbens n. sp. Stem decumbent, mostly solitary but sometimes clustered, 5-12 tall, densely pubescent above the middle: leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, 4.5-9°™ long, obtuse or sometimes acutish at the apex, mottled and somewhat pubescent at the base on the veins beneath, sessile: flowers sessile: sepals about half as long as the petals, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, acute, green tinged with purple: petals 3.5-7 long, 5-12™™ broad, acuminate or sometimes acute, erect, twisted, brownish-purple: stamens about one-fourth as long as the fully grown petals: filaments very short, from one-half to three-fourths as long as the prolongation of the very broad connective: stigmas short, stout and recurved: berry ovoid, about 1*™ in diameter, prominently and sharply angled. In rocky woods of the Sand Mountain region in northeastern Alabama. Blooms on the ridge near Collinsville, DeKalb county (type locality), the latter part of April. Trillium decumbens was first discovered by Mr. C. L. Boynton of the Bilt- more Herbarium, in the spring of 1901. The decumbent habit and erect, twisted petals immediately attracted Mr. Boynton’s attention, and I copy from his notes concerning this species as follows: ‘‘Stem very short and invariably declined. Leaves resting upon the ground, thus presenting a most unique appearance. The petals are more than twice as long as the acute sepals.’’ A number of plants which blossomed in the greenhouse and which were col- lected at the original station, were observed and measured by the writer. Plants with stems only half a decimeter long were invariably decumbent. This habit, together with the large, erect, twisted petals and very prominent prolongation of the connective, afford characters which readily separate this species from all _ other pubescent species in this group.—T. G. HARBISON. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, N. C. (158) STUDIES IN: PHILADELPHUS PHILADELPHUS INODORUS Strigosus n. var. A shrub 1-2™ tall with branching stems clothed with brown, exfoliating bark: leaves ovate or oval, 2-4°™ long exclusive of the short petioles, 8™™-2em wide, or on vigorous shoots larger, even- tually glabrate or with short, appressed hairs on the upper sur- face, thickly and permanently covered beneath by appressed, rather stiff pubescence, prominently 3-nerved, the borders entire or with minute distant teeth ;. they are acute at the apex, rounded or slightly narrowed at the base, firm in texture, deep green above, pale green on the lower surface, falling in autumn before or soon after the first frost: flowers solitary or in twos and threes: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals acute, frequently coated on the exterior surface with pale hairs: stigmas free: capsules g-12™™ long, 6-g™™ wide, long persistent. Philadelphus inodorus strigosus differs from P. znodorus L.1® by the thick covering of appressed, rather stiff hairs on the lower surface of the leaves and frequently on the exterior of the sepals. The specimens upon which the description is based were collected in central South Carolina, in Lexington and Richland counties. I designate as type a specimen of A. C. Hexamer and F. W. Maier, ex herb. George Thurber, now preserved in the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. -Philadelphus gloriosus n. sp. A deciduous shrub 2—3™ tall with branching stems, the bark of the previous season’s growth dark brown, exfoliating: leaves ovate or elliptic, the blades 4-10 long, 1.5—5°™ broad, acute at the apex, either rounded or narrowed at the base, the margins remotely dentate; they are prominently 3-nerved, or occasionally 5-nerved, at maturity glabrate or with short appressed hairs, thin in texture, bright green above, pale beneath, changing in autumn to tones of yellow and brown: petioles 3-6™™ long: flowers mostly 3-5, 3-4°™ broad, opening about the first of May: pedicels and hypanthium glabrous: sepals acute: stigmas free: 185 Sp, Pl, 470, 1753. (159) 160 BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES capsules abruptly contracted at the base, about 1°™ long, on wide, persistent long after the falling of the leaves. } Philadelthus gloriosus grows on the rocky fsanke of the Coosa river near Rome, Georgia (type locality). Undoubtedly related to P. grandiflorus Willd. ,1* but obviously differing from this species in the very abrupt point of attachment between the pedicel and capsule. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Philadelphus floridus n. sp. A deciduous shrub 2—-3™ tall with branching stems, the bark of the last season’s shoots dark brown, exfoliating: leaves oval or elliptic, the blades 4-10 long, 2-5°™ broad, acute at the apex, either rounded or narrowed at the base, the borders remotely toothed ; they are glabrate above, sparsely pubescent on the lower surface, prominently 3-nerved, or occasionally 5-nerved, thin in texture, bright green above, pale beneath, falling in early autumn: petioles 3-7™™ long: flowers occasionally solitary but mostly 3-5, 3-4™m wide, expanding early in May: pedicels and hypanthium appressed pubescent: sepals acuminate, the exterior surface ap- pressed pubescent: stigmas not united. Philadelphus floridus was originally collected on the rocky slopes and banks of the Coosa river near Rome, Georgia. Differs from all of the species of the South Atlantic region with few or solitary flowers by the pubescence of the pedicels and hypanthium. The type material is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium. Philadelphus intectus n. sp. A deciduous shrub 2-3™ tall with branching stems, the bark of the shoots gray or ochre-color, not exfoliating: leaves ovate, oval or elliptic, the blades 3-12°™ long, 1-5 wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, either rounded or narrowed at the base, the borders entire or remotely dentate; they are glabrous or gla- brate on both surfaces, prominently 3-nerved, or sometimes 5-nerved, thin in texture, bright green above, pale green beneath, falling in early autumn: petioles 3-7™™ long: flowers racemose, mostly numerous, the lower pair axillary, 3-4°™ wide, expanding 186 Enum. Hort. Berol. 511, 1809. BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 161 about the middle of May: pedicels, hypanthium and exterior surface of the sepals glabrous: stigmas free. Philadelphus tntectus was collected on the bluffs of the Cumberland river below Nashville, Tennessee (type locality). From P. latifolius Schrad.'®" this species may be recognized by the glabrous or glabrate leaves and by the absence of pubescence on the hypanthium and exterior surface of the sepals. The type specimens are deposited in the Biltmore Herbarium.—C. D. BEADLE. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, N.C. 187 D.C. Prod. g: 206, 1828. TWO DRUPACEOUS TREES FROM ALABAMA Prunus (Padus) australis n. sp. A tree 10-20™ tall with a trunk sometimes 3—44™ in diameter, clothed with ashy-gray or brownish-black bark, the surface of which, on the trunk, is fissured and reticulately broken into thin persistent scales: branches spreading or ascending, forming an oblong crown: leaves obovate, oval. or elliptic, the blades 4-10™ long, 2-6°™ wide, abruptly and rather bluntly pointed at the apex, or occasionally obtuse, either rounded or obtusely narrowed at the base, the borders finely serrate; they are dark green and smooth on the upper surface at maturity, densely and permanently clothed on the lower surface with tawny or rufous tomentum, not at all glaucous, and at the time of unfolding are light green, glabrous above except a few pale hairs along the midrib, densely coated on the lower surface with pale or tawny pubescence, biglandular at the base or on the petioles: petioles 1°™ or less long, densely covered with tawny or rufous tomentum: stipules linear, 3-10™™ long’ or more, pectinate, bright rose-purple, early deciduous: raceme-rachis and pedicels as well as the young shoots, pubes- cent: flowers, which open towards the end of April, borne on short pedicels which arise from the axils of minute, rose-purple, caducous bracts, and disposed in spreading, narrow, many-flow- ered racemes 6-15" long: drupes globose, 5-8™™ in diameter, dark purple when fully ripe, falling in July. Prunus (Padus) australis is common in clay soil at Evergreen, Alabama (type locality). Readily distinguished from the species heretofore recognized and occurring in the Southern States, and which are characterized by the pubes- cence of the leaves, young shoots, racemes and pedicels, by the dense and perma- nent tawny or rufous tomentum covering the entire lower surface of the leaf- blades. The type material, which is preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, consists of vernal, late summer and autumnal specimens. Prunus mitis n. sp. A small tree or large shrub 4—8™ tall, seldom spiny, the trunk or large stems clothed with dark gray or reddish-brown bark, the (162) BILTMORE BOTANICAL STUDIES 163 branches spreading or ascending, forming a wide crown: twigs glabrous, shining: leaves elliptic, oblong-lanceolate, rarely ovate or obovate, the blades 2-9°™ long, 1-4°™ wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, sharply serrate, biglandular at the base or on the upper portion of the petioles; they are finely pubescent on both surfaces and especially along the prominent midrib’and veins beneath, thin in texture, bright green above, pale beneath, fading in early autumn with tones of yellow: petioles 4-10™™ long, densely pubescent: flowers, which appear before the leaves and expand towards the end of March, produced in 2-6-flowered umbels, and are borne on slender, gla- brous pedicels, 8™™-2-m long: hypanthium glabrous, at least the lower portion: sepals triangular, subacute, pubescent on the exterior and very densely so on the inner surface: drupe oblong, to-14™™ long, at maturity dark purple with a glaucous bloom: stone ovoid or oval, slightly compressed, about 1°™ long, pointed at both ends and especially at the apex, crested on one margin. Prunus mitts is common in dry soil in Lee county, Alabama, and is repre- sented in many herbaria by specimens distributed under labels of the Alabama Biological Survey. The type specimens, which are preserved in the Biltmore Herbarium, were collected at Auburn, Lee county, Alabama, March 27 and May 20, 1900, by F. S. and Esther S Earle, No. 27.—C. D. BEADLE. BILTMORE HERBARIUM, Biltmore, N C. . ] i 4 oe pe Ft * re af yi. “) eo ie RP an ‘ NSS iitens \ o , dt | ak ivr a in pe 7 wk ahs ; é ¢ YSZ Ahi Ry pelt jee: hae Se Ray tl ¥ "hae AA, roe RABE tar ites in 4 Pa cb